Background: Severe asthma, although representing a minority of pediatric cases, has a significant socioeconomic impact. In children who do not respond to conventional treatments or require high-dose corticosteroids, biological therapies represent an effective option. However, there are no shared guidelines regarding therapy discontinuation and clinical monitoring after suspension. Objectives: to analyze, in pediatric patients who discontinued biologic therapy due to achieving good clinical control, the progression over time of clinical, functional, and bio-humoral characteristics up to 24 months after discontinuation. A secondary objective was to identify potential markers capable of distinguishing patients with complete asthma control from those with suboptimal control at 1 and 2 years post-discontinuation. Methods: a retrospective study conducted at the Pediatric Allergy and Pneumology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua. Patients were evaluated at the time of discontinuation (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), and 24 months (T4). Data collected included: exacerbations, clinical control (GINA and CASI scores), lung function (spirometry), quality of life (PAQLQ), and type 2 inflammation biomarkers (eosinophils, total IgE, FeNO). Results: 23 children with severe asthma were included (median age: 15.1 years; 65.2% male), all sensitized to aeroallergens; 39% had atopic comorbidities. Median treatment duration was 3.09 years; 19 patients had been treated with Omalizumab, 3 with Dupilumab, and 1 with Mepolizumab. Discontinuation occurred after achieving good clinical control as judged by the physician. Clinical control remained stable: GINA and CASI scores and the number of exacerbations in the 12 months preceding each evaluation showed no significant changes over time. Spirometric parameters (FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, FEF25–75) remained stable and within normal ranges. Quality of life (PAQLQ) stayed high and unchanged. Over the two-year follow-up, a significant reduction in daily inhaled corticosteroid dose was observed (p=0.012), further confirming clinical stability. Patients with suboptimal control at 12 months had higher CASI scores at the time of discontinuation (4.5 vs 3; p=0.007), as well as at 3 months (5 vs 3; p=0.027) and 6 months (4.5 vs 3; p=0.05). Among those with suboptimal control at 24 months, eosinophil counts were significantly higher at 3 (360/mm³ vs 270/mm³; p=0.045) and 12 months (665/mm³ vs 260/mm³; p=0.02) post-discontinuation. Only one patient resumed Omalizumab treatment due to loss of control at 9 months. Conclusions: Biologic therapies approved for pediatric severe asthma (Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Dupilumab, Tezepelumab) target specific inflammatory pathways. However, no consensus criteria exist for their discontinuation. In this study, 23 patients stopped treatment after achieving good clinical control and were monitored up to 24 months. In nearly all cases, disease control was maintained over time in terms of symptoms, exacerbations, lung function, and quality of life. CASI scores and eosinophil counts may serve as early indicators of suboptimal control, useful for guiding post-discontinuation decisions. Nevertheless, the small sample size warrants caution in interpretation and highlights the need for further multicenter studies to evaluate these aspects in larger populations.
Background: l’asma grave, pur rappresentando una minoranza dei casi pediatrici, ha un impatto socioeconomico rilevante. Nei bambini che non rispondono ai trattamenti convenzionali o necessitano di corticosteroidi ad alto dosaggio, le terapie biologiche rappresentano un’opzione efficace. Tuttavia, mancano indicazioni condivise sul timing dell’interruzione della terapia e sul monitoraggio dell’evoluzione clinica dopo la sospensione. Obiettivi: analizzare in pazienti pediatrici nei quali il biologico era stato sospeso per raggiungimento di buon controllo clinico, l’andamento nel tempo delle caratteristiche cliniche, funzionali e bio-umorali fino a 24 mesi dopo la sospensione. Obiettivo secondario è stato individuare eventuali marcatori in grado di distinguere i pazienti con controllo completo dell’asma da quelli con controllo subottimale a 1 e 2 anni dalla sospensione. Metodi: studio retrospettivo condotto presso l’Unità di Allergologia e Pneumologia Pediatrica dell’AOU di Padova. I pazienti sono stati valutati al momento della sospensione (T0) e a 3 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3) e 24 mesi (T4). Sono stati raccolti dati su: riacutizzazioni, controllo clinico (GINA e punteggio CASI), funzionalità respiratoria (spirometria), qualità della vita (PAQLQ) e biomarcatori di infiammazione di tipo 2 (eosinofili, IgE totali, FeNO). Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 23 bambini con asma grave (età mediana: 15,1 anni; 65,2% maschi), tutti sensibilizzati ad aeroallergeni; il 39% presentava comorbidità atopiche. La durata mediana del trattamento è stata di 3,09 anni; 19 pazienti erano stati trattati con Omalizumab, 3 con Dupilumab, 1 con Mepolizumab. La sospensione è avvenuta dopo il raggiungimento, a giudizio medico, di buon controllo clinico. Il controllo clinico è rimasto stabile durante il follow-up: i punteggi GINA e CASI e il numero di riacutizzazioni nei 12 mesi precedenti a ciascuna valutazione non hanno mostrato variazioni significative nel tempo. I parametri spirometrici (FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, FEF25–75) si sono mantenuti stabili e nella norma. La qualità della vita (PAQLQ) è rimasta elevata e invariata. Nei due anni di monitoraggio, si è osservata una riduzione significativa del dosaggio giornaliero di corticosteroidi inalatori (p=0,012), a ulteriore conferma della stabilità clinica. Nei pazienti con controllo subottimale a 12 mesi, i punteggi CASI erano più alti al momento della sospensione del farmaco (4,5 vs 3; p=0,007) e a distanza di 3 mesi (5 vs 3; p=0,027) e 6 mesi (4,5 vs 3; p=0,05). Tra quelli con controllo subottimale a 24 mesi, la conta degli eosinofili era significativamente più alta a 3 (360/mm³ vs 270/mm³; p=0,045) e 12 mesi (665/mm³ vs 260/mm³; p=0,02) dalla sospensione. Un solo paziente ha ripreso il trattamento con Omalizumab per perdita di controllo a 9 mesi. Conclusioni: Le terapie biologiche approvate per l’asma grave pediatrico (Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Dupilumab, Tezepelumab) sono mirate a specifici pathway infiammatorie. Tuttavia, non esistono ancora criteri condivisi per la loro sospensione. In questo studio, 23 pazienti hanno interrotto il trattamento dopo raggiungimento di un buon controllo clinico e sono stati monitorati fino a 24 mesi. Nella quasi totalità dei casi, il controllo della malattia è stato mantenuto nel tempo in termini di sintomi, riacutizzazioni, funzionalità respiratoria e qualità della vita. I punteggi CASI e la conta degli eosinofili potrebbero rappresentare indici precoci di controllo subottimale, utili nel guidare le decisioni post-sospensione. Tuttavia, la limitata numerosità del campione impone cautela nell’interpretazione e rafforza l’importanza di ulteriori studi multicentrici per valutare tali aspetti in popolazioni più ampie.
CARATTERISTICHE CLINICHE, FUNZIONALI E BIOUMORALI IN PAZIENTI PEDIATRICI CON ASMA GRAVE DOPO SOSPENSIONE DI TERAPIA CON BIOLOGICO
PARISE, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Severe asthma, although representing a minority of pediatric cases, has a significant socioeconomic impact. In children who do not respond to conventional treatments or require high-dose corticosteroids, biological therapies represent an effective option. However, there are no shared guidelines regarding therapy discontinuation and clinical monitoring after suspension. Objectives: to analyze, in pediatric patients who discontinued biologic therapy due to achieving good clinical control, the progression over time of clinical, functional, and bio-humoral characteristics up to 24 months after discontinuation. A secondary objective was to identify potential markers capable of distinguishing patients with complete asthma control from those with suboptimal control at 1 and 2 years post-discontinuation. Methods: a retrospective study conducted at the Pediatric Allergy and Pneumology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua. Patients were evaluated at the time of discontinuation (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), and 24 months (T4). Data collected included: exacerbations, clinical control (GINA and CASI scores), lung function (spirometry), quality of life (PAQLQ), and type 2 inflammation biomarkers (eosinophils, total IgE, FeNO). Results: 23 children with severe asthma were included (median age: 15.1 years; 65.2% male), all sensitized to aeroallergens; 39% had atopic comorbidities. Median treatment duration was 3.09 years; 19 patients had been treated with Omalizumab, 3 with Dupilumab, and 1 with Mepolizumab. Discontinuation occurred after achieving good clinical control as judged by the physician. Clinical control remained stable: GINA and CASI scores and the number of exacerbations in the 12 months preceding each evaluation showed no significant changes over time. Spirometric parameters (FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, FEF25–75) remained stable and within normal ranges. Quality of life (PAQLQ) stayed high and unchanged. Over the two-year follow-up, a significant reduction in daily inhaled corticosteroid dose was observed (p=0.012), further confirming clinical stability. Patients with suboptimal control at 12 months had higher CASI scores at the time of discontinuation (4.5 vs 3; p=0.007), as well as at 3 months (5 vs 3; p=0.027) and 6 months (4.5 vs 3; p=0.05). Among those with suboptimal control at 24 months, eosinophil counts were significantly higher at 3 (360/mm³ vs 270/mm³; p=0.045) and 12 months (665/mm³ vs 260/mm³; p=0.02) post-discontinuation. Only one patient resumed Omalizumab treatment due to loss of control at 9 months. Conclusions: Biologic therapies approved for pediatric severe asthma (Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Dupilumab, Tezepelumab) target specific inflammatory pathways. However, no consensus criteria exist for their discontinuation. In this study, 23 patients stopped treatment after achieving good clinical control and were monitored up to 24 months. In nearly all cases, disease control was maintained over time in terms of symptoms, exacerbations, lung function, and quality of life. CASI scores and eosinophil counts may serve as early indicators of suboptimal control, useful for guiding post-discontinuation decisions. Nevertheless, the small sample size warrants caution in interpretation and highlights the need for further multicenter studies to evaluate these aspects in larger populations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86478