Background: The treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms has seen a significant reduction in peri- and post-operative morbidity and mortality rates compared to traditional open surgery due to the introduction of fenestrated endografts (FEVAR), which are available in tubular and bifurcated design. However, the current literature presents a dearth of direct comparative studies between these two configurations in the treatment of complex aortic aneurysms. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare these two conformations used in FEVAR, evaluating their differences in procedural parameters, early and mid-term clinical outcomes and complication-free survival related to Target Vessel Instability (TVI). Methods: A single-centre prospective longitudinal study (2010 - 2025) was conducted, including patients treated for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm by FEVAR who had undergone at least one postoperative control angio-CT. The statistical analysis conducted was purely descriptive and focused on preoperative morphological characteristics, procedural data, and the study of reinterventions (Early Revision) and major adverse events within 30 days after the first intervention. Vertical misalignment (VM, distance along the aortic centreline between the midpoint of the fenestration and the midpoint of the target vessel near its origin) and horizontal misalignment (HM, angle between the midpoint of the fenestration and the midpoint of the axis passing through the ostium of the target vessel) were measured and compared from CT acquisitions. Freedom from TVI was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Among 92 patients undergoing FEVAR, 78 and 14 patients received a tubular and unibody bifurcated fenestrated endograft, respectively, with a total of 330 target vessels analysed. The bifurcated endoprostheses demonstrated significantly reduced operative time (209 ± 41 minutes vs 257 ± 88 minutes; p=0.028*) and fluoroscopy time (85 ± 50 minutes vs 104 ± 52 minutes; p=0.035*), with less radiation exposure. Despite a higher incidence of access complications (35.7% vs 14.1%; p=0.035*), the bifurcated group presented a better alignment of the target vessels (mean HM = 3.85° vs 4.76°; p= 0.008*) and freedom from TVI was 98% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.94-1.00 vs 88%, 95% CI, 0.77-1.00). Finally, the comparative analysis between bifurcated endoprostheses and inverted limbs (n inverted limb = 12) evaluated first-line device in patients who were not candidates for standard tubular stent-grafts. Inverted limbs showed comparable safety to bifurcated implants, albeit with greater technical difficulties and a non-negligible risk of stent-graft instability. Conclusions: Unibody bifurcated endoprostheses, on a preliminary basis, show procedural advantages such as a significant reduction of operative time and radioexposure in the patient. In comparison with the tubular design, early and mid-term outcomes are similar, offering in addition less horizontal misalignment post-implantation and better freedom from TVI. Inverted limbs, although requiring more technical skill than bifurcated endografts, may play an important role in complex anatomies. However, the small sample size and limited follow-up period require further investigations to assess the reliability of the results achieved.
Presupposti dello studio: Il trattamento degli aneurismi complessi dell'aorta addominale ha registrato una notevole riduzione dei tassi di morbidità e mortalità peri- e post-operatorie rispetto alla chirurgia aperta tradizionale grazie all'introduzione delle endoprotesi fenestrate (FEVAR), disponibili nelle configurazioni tubulare e biforcata. Tuttavia, la letteratura attuale presenta una carenza di studi comparativi diretti tra queste due configurazioni nel trattamento degli aneurismi aortici complessi. Scopo dello studio: L’obiettivo di questo studio è quello di confrontare queste due conformazioni utilizzate nella FEVAR, valutandone le differenze nei parametri procedurali, negli outcomes clinici a breve-medio termine e nella sopravvivenza libera da complicanze correlate alla Target Vessel Instability (TVI). Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio longitudinale prospettico monocentrico (2010 – 2025), includendo pazienti trattati per aneurisma aortico addominale complesso mediante FEVAR che avevano eseguito almeno una angio-TC di controllo post-operatoria. L’analisi statistica condotta è di tipo descrittivo e si è focalizzata sulle caratteristiche morfologiche preoperatorie, sui dati procedurali e sullo studio dei reinterventi (Early Revision) e degli eventi avversi maggiori entro i 30 giorni dal primo intervento. Dalle acquisizioni TC sono stati misurati e confrontati il misalignment verticale (VM, distanza lungo la centerline aortica tra il punto medio della fenestrazione ed il punto medio del vaso target vicino alla sua origine) e il misalignment orizzontale (HM, angolo tra il punto medio della fenestrazione ed il punto medio dell’asse passante per l’ostio del vaso target). La freedom from TVI è stata analizzata mediante stime di Kaplan-Meier. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 92 pazienti divisi in due coorti (n tubulari = 78, n biforcate = 14) per un totale di 330 vasi target analizzati. Le endoprotesi biforcate hanno mostrato tempi operatori (209 ± 41 minuti vs 257 ± 88 minuti; p=0.028*) e in fluoroscopia (85 ± 50 minuti vs 104 ± 52 minuti; p=0.035*) significativamente ridotti, con minore esposizione alle radiazioni. Nonostante una maggiore incidenza di complicanze d'accesso (35.7% vs 14.1%; p=0.035*), il gruppo biforcato ha presentato un migliore allineamento dei vasi bersaglio (HM medio = 3.85° vs 4.76°; p= 0.008*) e la freedom from TVI è stata del 98% (95% Intervallo di Confidenza [IC], 0.94-1.00 vs 88%, 95% IC, 0.77-1.00). Infine, dall’analisi comparativa tra le endoprotesi biforcate e le inverted limb (n inverted limb = 12) si è valutato il device di prima linea in pazienti non candidabili a protesi tubulari standard. Le inverted limb hanno mostrato una sicurezza comparabile alle protesi biforcate, sebbene con maggiori difficoltà tecniche e un rischio di stent-graft instability non trascurabile. Conclusioni: Le endoprotesi biforcate, in via del tutto preliminare, mostrano vantaggi procedurali quali una riduzione significativa dei tempi operatori e della radioesposizione nel paziente. In confronto con la conformazione tubulare, gli outcomes nel breve-medio periodo sono simili, offrendo in aggiunta un minor horizontal misalignment post-impianto e una migliore freedom from TVI. Le inverted limb, nonostante richiedano maggiore abilità tecnica rispetto agli stent-graft biforcati, possono giocare un ruolo importante in anatomie complesse. Tuttavia, la ristretta numerosità del campione e il follow-up limitato richiedono ulteriori studi per confermare l’attendibilità dei risultati ottenuti.
Confronto tra Conformazione Tubulare e Biforcata nel Trattamento di Aneurismi Complessi dell'Aorta Addominale mediante Endoprotesi Fenestrate
POBBE, MATTIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: The treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms has seen a significant reduction in peri- and post-operative morbidity and mortality rates compared to traditional open surgery due to the introduction of fenestrated endografts (FEVAR), which are available in tubular and bifurcated design. However, the current literature presents a dearth of direct comparative studies between these two configurations in the treatment of complex aortic aneurysms. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare these two conformations used in FEVAR, evaluating their differences in procedural parameters, early and mid-term clinical outcomes and complication-free survival related to Target Vessel Instability (TVI). Methods: A single-centre prospective longitudinal study (2010 - 2025) was conducted, including patients treated for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm by FEVAR who had undergone at least one postoperative control angio-CT. The statistical analysis conducted was purely descriptive and focused on preoperative morphological characteristics, procedural data, and the study of reinterventions (Early Revision) and major adverse events within 30 days after the first intervention. Vertical misalignment (VM, distance along the aortic centreline between the midpoint of the fenestration and the midpoint of the target vessel near its origin) and horizontal misalignment (HM, angle between the midpoint of the fenestration and the midpoint of the axis passing through the ostium of the target vessel) were measured and compared from CT acquisitions. Freedom from TVI was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Among 92 patients undergoing FEVAR, 78 and 14 patients received a tubular and unibody bifurcated fenestrated endograft, respectively, with a total of 330 target vessels analysed. The bifurcated endoprostheses demonstrated significantly reduced operative time (209 ± 41 minutes vs 257 ± 88 minutes; p=0.028*) and fluoroscopy time (85 ± 50 minutes vs 104 ± 52 minutes; p=0.035*), with less radiation exposure. Despite a higher incidence of access complications (35.7% vs 14.1%; p=0.035*), the bifurcated group presented a better alignment of the target vessels (mean HM = 3.85° vs 4.76°; p= 0.008*) and freedom from TVI was 98% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.94-1.00 vs 88%, 95% CI, 0.77-1.00). Finally, the comparative analysis between bifurcated endoprostheses and inverted limbs (n inverted limb = 12) evaluated first-line device in patients who were not candidates for standard tubular stent-grafts. Inverted limbs showed comparable safety to bifurcated implants, albeit with greater technical difficulties and a non-negligible risk of stent-graft instability. Conclusions: Unibody bifurcated endoprostheses, on a preliminary basis, show procedural advantages such as a significant reduction of operative time and radioexposure in the patient. In comparison with the tubular design, early and mid-term outcomes are similar, offering in addition less horizontal misalignment post-implantation and better freedom from TVI. Inverted limbs, although requiring more technical skill than bifurcated endografts, may play an important role in complex anatomies. However, the small sample size and limited follow-up period require further investigations to assess the reliability of the results achieved.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI_MATTIA POBBE.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.12 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.12 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86479