Endometrial cancer is the third most common tumor among women aged 50-69 years, with 80% of patients presenting early symptoms. The standard treatment involves surgical cytoreduction and adjuvant therapies, but 65% of patients with advanced-stage disease experience recurrences. Cervical cancer, the fifth most common cancer in women under 50, has seen a 75% reduction in incidence due to HPV screenings, although many diagnoses occur in women who have not been screened. Treatment varies based on the stage of the disease, as does the recurrence rate, which ranges from 42% to 74%. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer durable benefits and fewer side effects than chemotherapy, but only 30% of solid tumors benefit from immunotherapy. The study objective is to valuate the activity and safety profile of immunotherapy in a retrospective cohort of patients with endometrial and cervical cancer and compare it to what has been reported in clinical studies that led to the approval of such drugs. This is an observational retrospective study involving 28 patients with endometrial cancer and 12 with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer who were treated with immunotherapy, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. Adverse reactions (AEs), treatment discontinuations during the study period, and endpoints of response and efficacy were analyzed. In the cohort of patients treated with dostarlimab as a monotherapy, the most common adverse effects were hypothyroidism (13.3%) and nausea (13.3%). The progression-free survival (PFS) in our study was 20.1 months, indicating a favorable safety profile and promising efficacy of the treatment. Patients treated with dostarlimab in combination with chemotherapy experienced side effects, the most common being constipation (40%), hypertension, nausea, asthenia, and thrombocytopenia, all with an incidence of 20%. The PFS in this cohort was 25.3 months, suggesting a significant potential benefit from the combined treatment. In the group treated with durvalumab combined with chemotherapy, common adverse events included thrombocytopenia (30%) and elevated liver enzymes (10%). The PFS was 7 months. The tolerability of pembrolizumab in combination with lenvatinib was generally good, with the most frequent adverse events being hypertension (15.2%) and asthenia (18.2%). The PFS was 8.5 months. In the cohort of patients treated with atezolizumab and chemotherapy, the most common adverse effect was myalgia (23.5%). The PFS was 11.2 months. The only patient treated with pembrolizumab experienced side effects of nausea, loss of appetite, and anemia. Among patients treated with chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab and/or bevacizumab, the most common adverse effects were asthenia and diarrhea, both with an incidence of 21%. The PFS was 15 months. Patients treated with cemiplimab exhibited limited adverse events, including diarrhea and worsening renal function. The PFS was 5 months. Conclusions The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of endometrial and cervical cancer in a metastatic or recurrent setting, even in a real-life population, with results similar to those of clinical studies in terms of toxicity profile.
Il tumore dell’endometrio è la terza neoplasia più comune tra le donne di età 50-69 anni, con l'80% delle pazienti che presenta sintomi precoci. Il trattamento standard prevede citoriduzione chirurgica e terapie adiuvanti, ma il 65% delle pazienti in stadio avanzato ha recidive. Il tumore della cervice uterina, quinto per incidenza sotto i 50 anni, ha visto una riduzione del 75% dell’incidenza grazie agli screening HPV, anche se molte diagnosi avvengono in donne non sottoposte a screening. Il trattamento è modulato in base allo stadio della malattia, così come il tasso di recidiva che oscilla tra il 42% ed il 74%. Attualmente, gli inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari (ICI) offrono benefici duraturi e minori effetti collaterali rispetto alla chemioterapia, ma solo il 30% dei tumori solidi beneficia dell'immunoterapia. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di valutare il profilo di attività e sicurezza dell’immunoterapia in una coorte retrospettiva di pazienti affette da carcinoma dell’endometrio e della cervice uterina e confrontarlo con quello descritto negli studi clinici che hanno portato all’approvazione di tali farmaci. Si tratta di uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo che ha coinvolto n=28 pazienti con carcinoma dell’endometrio e n=12 con carcinoma cervicale in stadio avanzato o recidivante sottoposte a trattamento immunoterapico, singolo agente o in combinazione con chemioterapia. Sono state analizzate le reazioni avverse (AEs), le discontinuazioni del trattamento durante il periodo di studio e gli endpoint di risposta ed efficacia. Le pazienti con carcinoma della cervice uterina invece sono state trattate con pembrolizumab sia in monoterapia che in associazione a chemioterapia e bevacizumab in seconda o prima linea rispettivamente per il trattamento della malattia avanzata alla diagnosi e cemiplimab come trattamento della malattia in setting avanzato. Nella coorte di pazienti trattate con dostarlimab in monoterapia, gli effetti avversi più comuni sono stati ipotiroidismo (13,3%) e nausea (13,3%). La progression-free survival (PFS) nel nostro studio era di 20,1 mesi, indicando un profilo di sicurezza favorevole e un'efficacia promettente del trattamento. Le pazienti trattate con dostarlimab in combinazione con chemioterapia hanno mostrato effetti collaterali, tra cui i più comuni sono stati: stipsi (40%), ipertensione arteriosa, nausea, astenia e piastrinopenia, tutte con un’incidenza del 20%. La progression-free survival in questa coorte è stata di 25,3 mesi, suggerendo un potenziale beneficio significativo del trattamento combinato. Nel gruppo trattato con durvalumab associato a chemioterapia, gli eventi avversi comuni includevano piastrinopenia (30%) e ipertransaminasemia (10%). La PFS è stata di 7 mesi. La tollerabilità del trattamento con pembrolizumab in combinazione con lenvatinib è stata generalmente buona. Tra gli eventi avversi più frequenti troviamo ipertensione (15,2%) e astenia (18,2%). La PFS è stata di 8,5 mesi. Nella coorte di pazienti trattate con atezolizumab e chemioterapia, l’effetto avverso più comune è stata la mialgia (23,5%). La PFS è stata di 11,2 mesi. L'unica paziente trattata con pembrolizumab ha riscontrato come effetti collaterali nausea, inappetenza ed anemia. Tra le pazienti trattate con chemioterapia combinata a pembrolizumab e/o bevacizumab, gli effetti avversi più comuni sono stati astenia e diarrea, entrambi con un’incidenza del 21%. La PFS è stata di 15 mesi. Le pazienti trattate con cemiplimab hanno mostrato eventi avversi limitati a diarrea e peggioramento della funzionalità renale. La PFS è stata di 5 mesi. Conclusioni Lo studio ha confermato l’efficacia e la sicurezza dell’immunoterapia nel trattamento del carcinoma endometriale e della cervice uterina in un setting di malattia metastatica o recidivante anche nella popolazione real-life con risultati simili, a quelli degli studi clinici in termini di profilo di tossicità.
Efficacia e profilo di sicurezza dell'immunoterapia nel tumore dell'utero: evidenze da una casistica real life
PAVARIN, GIADA
2024/2025
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the third most common tumor among women aged 50-69 years, with 80% of patients presenting early symptoms. The standard treatment involves surgical cytoreduction and adjuvant therapies, but 65% of patients with advanced-stage disease experience recurrences. Cervical cancer, the fifth most common cancer in women under 50, has seen a 75% reduction in incidence due to HPV screenings, although many diagnoses occur in women who have not been screened. Treatment varies based on the stage of the disease, as does the recurrence rate, which ranges from 42% to 74%. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer durable benefits and fewer side effects than chemotherapy, but only 30% of solid tumors benefit from immunotherapy. The study objective is to valuate the activity and safety profile of immunotherapy in a retrospective cohort of patients with endometrial and cervical cancer and compare it to what has been reported in clinical studies that led to the approval of such drugs. This is an observational retrospective study involving 28 patients with endometrial cancer and 12 with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer who were treated with immunotherapy, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. Adverse reactions (AEs), treatment discontinuations during the study period, and endpoints of response and efficacy were analyzed. In the cohort of patients treated with dostarlimab as a monotherapy, the most common adverse effects were hypothyroidism (13.3%) and nausea (13.3%). The progression-free survival (PFS) in our study was 20.1 months, indicating a favorable safety profile and promising efficacy of the treatment. Patients treated with dostarlimab in combination with chemotherapy experienced side effects, the most common being constipation (40%), hypertension, nausea, asthenia, and thrombocytopenia, all with an incidence of 20%. The PFS in this cohort was 25.3 months, suggesting a significant potential benefit from the combined treatment. In the group treated with durvalumab combined with chemotherapy, common adverse events included thrombocytopenia (30%) and elevated liver enzymes (10%). The PFS was 7 months. The tolerability of pembrolizumab in combination with lenvatinib was generally good, with the most frequent adverse events being hypertension (15.2%) and asthenia (18.2%). The PFS was 8.5 months. In the cohort of patients treated with atezolizumab and chemotherapy, the most common adverse effect was myalgia (23.5%). The PFS was 11.2 months. The only patient treated with pembrolizumab experienced side effects of nausea, loss of appetite, and anemia. Among patients treated with chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab and/or bevacizumab, the most common adverse effects were asthenia and diarrhea, both with an incidence of 21%. The PFS was 15 months. Patients treated with cemiplimab exhibited limited adverse events, including diarrhea and worsening renal function. The PFS was 5 months. Conclusions The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of endometrial and cervical cancer in a metastatic or recurrent setting, even in a real-life population, with results similar to those of clinical studies in terms of toxicity profile.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86492