Background: renal transplantation is widely recognized as the gold standard treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD). In the decades following its first introduction, it has achieved excellent results in terms of patient outcomes. However, due to the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression, renal transplant recipients face an elevated risk of infection. The burden of these infections on long term survival continues to be a subject of debate. Objective: to examine the epidemiology of post-transplant infectious events and evaluate the impact of infections, alongside other contributing factors, on patient survival following renal transplantation. Methods: a retrospective study was conducted including patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Padua University Hospital between 2013 and 2023. Data regarding patients characteristics, transplant type, infectious events in the first year after transplantation, and outcomes (including death) were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical regression analysis were then carried out to assess the mortality risk associated factors. Results: 784 renal transplant recipients were enrolled. A total of 1332 infections occurred, 49% viral, 49% bacterial and 2% fungal, involving 77.6% of patients. Most patients (61 %) developed at least one infection within the first three months following transplantation. Urinary tract infections were the most common (34%), followed by reactivation of CMV (22%) and EBV (11%), and bloodstream infections (7%). More advanced age, diabetes, obesity, and having a tumor at the time of transplantations were significant risk factors for mortality, whereas the association between infectious events – of any kind and by type – and death was not significant. Conclusions: During the first 12 months of follow-up, post-transplant survival appears to depend more on the patient’s overall health status than on any specific infectious event. Nevertheless, the infectious risk remains significant, underscoring the critical need for a close monitoring of transplant recipients by a multidisciplinary team, including nephrologists, surgeons, infectious diseases specialists and microbiologists to ensure optimal outcomes in both short- and long-term follow-up.
Presupposti: il trapianto di rene è il gold standard per il trattamento della malattia renale di stadio terminale (End Stage Renal Disease, ESRD) e gode, a decenni dalla sua introduzione, di risultati eccellenti. I riceventi di trapianto renale, tuttavia, devono assumere la terapia immunosoppressiva a vita e hanno un rischio infettivo più elevato di quello della popolazione generale. L’impatto delle infezioni dopo il trapianto sulla sopravvivenza dei pazienti è stato oggetto di controversie. Scopo dello studio: studiare l’epidemiologia delle infezioni dopo il trapianto di rene e il loro impatto sulla sopravvivenza dei pazienti. Materiali e metodi: è stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo presso l’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova con oggetto i pazienti trapiantati di rene fra il 2013 e il 2023. Sono stati raccolti i dati relativi ai pazienti e alle loro comorbidità, alla tipologia di trapianto, alle infezioni nel primo anno dopo il trapianto e agli esiti, compreso il decesso. È stata eseguita un’analisi di regressione, uni- e multivariata, per individuare eventuali fattori di rischio associati alla mortalità. Risultati: sono stati arruolati 784 pazienti trapiantati di rene. Nel complesso si sono verificate 1332 infezioni, virali (49%), batteriche (49%) e fungine (2%), con un’incidenza cumulativa del 77.6%. La maggior parte dei pazienti (61%) ha sviluppato almeno un’infezione entro i 3 mesi dal trapianto. Le infezioni delle vie urinarie sono state le più comuni (34%), seguite dalla riattivazione di CMV (22%) e di EBV (11%) dalle infezioni del torrente circolatorio (7%). L’età più avanzata, il diabete, l’obesità e la presenza di una neoplasia al momento del trapianto sono risultati associati ad una mortalità più elevata. Nei primi 12 mesi di follow-up, la correlazione fra eventi infettivi, in generale e per sottotipo, e mortalità non è stata significativa. Conclusioni: la sopravvivenza dopo il trapianto nei primi 12 mesi di follow-up sembra dipendere maggiormente dal grado di fragilità del paziente in generale, piuttosto che da uno specifico evento infettivo. Il rischio infettivo appare comunque preponderante; uno stretto monitoraggio da parte di un team multidisciplinare che includa nefrologi, chirurghi, infettivologi e microbiologi è fondamentale per garantire a questi pazienti un buon outcome clinico, sia a breve che a lungo termine.
Fattori di rischio e outcome clinici degli eventi infettivi in una coorte di pazienti sottoposti a trapianto renale presso l'Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova
FERRETTI, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: renal transplantation is widely recognized as the gold standard treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD). In the decades following its first introduction, it has achieved excellent results in terms of patient outcomes. However, due to the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression, renal transplant recipients face an elevated risk of infection. The burden of these infections on long term survival continues to be a subject of debate. Objective: to examine the epidemiology of post-transplant infectious events and evaluate the impact of infections, alongside other contributing factors, on patient survival following renal transplantation. Methods: a retrospective study was conducted including patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Padua University Hospital between 2013 and 2023. Data regarding patients characteristics, transplant type, infectious events in the first year after transplantation, and outcomes (including death) were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical regression analysis were then carried out to assess the mortality risk associated factors. Results: 784 renal transplant recipients were enrolled. A total of 1332 infections occurred, 49% viral, 49% bacterial and 2% fungal, involving 77.6% of patients. Most patients (61 %) developed at least one infection within the first three months following transplantation. Urinary tract infections were the most common (34%), followed by reactivation of CMV (22%) and EBV (11%), and bloodstream infections (7%). More advanced age, diabetes, obesity, and having a tumor at the time of transplantations were significant risk factors for mortality, whereas the association between infectious events – of any kind and by type – and death was not significant. Conclusions: During the first 12 months of follow-up, post-transplant survival appears to depend more on the patient’s overall health status than on any specific infectious event. Nevertheless, the infectious risk remains significant, underscoring the critical need for a close monitoring of transplant recipients by a multidisciplinary team, including nephrologists, surgeons, infectious diseases specialists and microbiologists to ensure optimal outcomes in both short- and long-term follow-up.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ferretti_Federico.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.87 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.87 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86840