Primary biliary cholangitis (CBP) is a chronic autoimmune and cholestatic liver disease that, if untreated, can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and lead to the need for liver transplantation. It affects mainly female individuals, with a sex ratio of 4-6:1. It is also characterized by a typical seroreactivity to antimitochondrial antibodies. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid normally found in human bile, is the first-line therapy and significantly improves prognosis in most patients. However, a non-negligible proportion of these patients do not respond adequately, necessitating an alternative pharmacological approach. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, has been the main second-line drug, in combination with ursodesoxycholic acid for patients with inadequate response and as monotherapy for those intolerant to UDCA, until its approval was recently withdrawn in Europe. This thesis aims to evaluate the biochemical profile in patients with PBC who are intolerant to or have an insufficient response to first-line therapy, following discontinuation of obeticholic acid, and to describe the initiation of new second-line therapies.
La colangite biliare primitiva (CBP) è una malattia epatica cronica autoimmune e colestatica che, se non trattata, può evolvere in fibrosi epatica, cirrosi e portare alla necessità di trapianto epatico. Colpisce principalmente individui di sesso femminile, con un rapporto tra i sessi di 4-6:1, ed è caratterizzata da sieroreattività agli anticorpi antimitocondriali. L’acido ursodesossicolico (UDCA), un acido biliare secondario normalmente presente nella bile umana, rappresenta la terapia di prima linea e migliora significativamente la prognosi nella maggior parte dei pazienti. Tuttavia, una quota non trascurabile di questi non risponde adeguatamente a tale trattamento, rendendo necessario un approccio farmacologico alternativo. L’acido obeticolico (OCA), agonista del recettore farnesoide X (FXR), è stato il principale farmaco di seconda linea, in combinazione con l’acido ursodesossicolico per i pazienti con risposta inadeguata e in monoterapia per i pazienti intolleranti ad UDCA, fino alla recente revoca della sua autorizzazione in Europa. Questa tesi si propone di valutare il profilo bioumorale dei pazienti affetti da CBP intolleranti o con insufficiente risposta alla terapia di I linea, dopo la sospensione del trattamento con acido obeticolico e di descrivere l’avvio delle nuove terapie di II linea.
Colangite Biliare Primitiva: studio sulla gestione clinica del paziente con insufficiente risposta alla terapia di I linea dopo la revoca dell'autorizzazione dell'acido obeticolico
BONARRIGO, FRANCESCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (CBP) is a chronic autoimmune and cholestatic liver disease that, if untreated, can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and lead to the need for liver transplantation. It affects mainly female individuals, with a sex ratio of 4-6:1. It is also characterized by a typical seroreactivity to antimitochondrial antibodies. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid normally found in human bile, is the first-line therapy and significantly improves prognosis in most patients. However, a non-negligible proportion of these patients do not respond adequately, necessitating an alternative pharmacological approach. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, has been the main second-line drug, in combination with ursodesoxycholic acid for patients with inadequate response and as monotherapy for those intolerant to UDCA, until its approval was recently withdrawn in Europe. This thesis aims to evaluate the biochemical profile in patients with PBC who are intolerant to or have an insufficient response to first-line therapy, following discontinuation of obeticholic acid, and to describe the initiation of new second-line therapies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86911