Introduction. Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric conditions with significant, and sometimes severe, medical, psychological, and social implications. Although particularly prevalent in Western countries and among the female population, industrialization and globalization have contributed to an increase in their incidence worldwide [10]. Despite the availability of established therapeutic approaches, many individuals with EDs continue to experience substantial impairment in their quality of life. Recently, research has increasingly explored the natural environment as a potential resource for promoting physical and psychological well-being, within a more integrated perspective of health. However, scientific literature specifically examining the relationship between nature and EDs remains limited. Preliminary studies suggest that exposure to green spaces may offer benefits in this context, including improved body image, greater body acceptance and appreciation, and enhanced self-esteem [76]. Study objectives. The present study aims to investigate the role of nature in the context of eating disorders by assessing potential differences in the perception and use of green spaces between individuals with EDs and a control group. The objective is to explore the potential influence of nature on quality of life and eating disorder symptomatology, hypothesizing a therapeutic role of nature within integrated treatment approaches. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 208 participants, divided into an ED group (n = 73) and a control group (n = 135). In addition to a demographic section, participants completed a series of validated instruments: GSAT (Green Space Attitude Test), EDQoL (Eating Disorders Quality of Life), EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), FAS-III (Family Affluence Scale), and a survey on the use and perceptions of green spaces. A network analysis was also conducted to explore potential connections among the main variables within the two groups (ED and control). Results. EDs participants reported significantly lower scores across nearly all assessed variables. The network analysis revealed a denser and more interconnected structure within the ED group, suggesting stronger associations between qualty of life, eating disorder symptoms and the relationship with nature. Discussion. The findings confirm that quality of life in individuals with eating disorders is significantly impaired and closely related to the severity of their symptoms. Furthermore, the stronger association between ED psychopathology and nature may be explained by factors such as reduced cognitive flexibility, emotional dysregulation, negative body image, and pervasive feelings of shame commonly observed in individuals with EDs. Nature, with its calming and non-judgmental qualities, may offer therapeutic potential in addressing these aspects. In particular, embodied experiences in nature may function as a form of mindfulness, helping individuals change focus from the inner-self and toward the external environment [77]. Conclusions. Based on the findings, Nature-Based Interventions (NBIs) are proposed as promising resources within treatment pathways, promoting a more holistic and integrated approach to health. Further randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of such interventions.
Introduzione. I disturbi alimentari (DA) sono condizioni psichiatriche complesse con importanti e a volte gravi implicazioni mediche, psicologiche e sociali. Sebbene siano particolarmente diffusi nei paesi occidentali e tra la popolazione femminile, l’industrializzazione e la globalizzazione ne hanno determinato un aumento significativo anche a livello mondiale [10]. Nonostante l’esistenza di approcci terapeutici consolidati, molte persone con DA continuano a sperimentare una compromissione significativa della qualità della vita. Negli ultimi anni, la ricerca si è interessata all’ambiente naturale come potenziale risorsa per promuovere il benessere fisico e psicologico, in un’ottica più globale e integrata della salute. Tuttavia, la letteratura scientifica che esplora la relazione specifica tra natura e DA rimane ancora limitata. Alcuni studi suggeriscono che l’esposizione al verde possa avere benefici in questo ambito, favorendo un miglioramento dell’immagine corporea, una maggiore accettazione e apprezzamento del proprio corpo, e un rafforzamento dell’autostima [76]. Scopo dello studio. Il presente studio intende indagare il ruolo della natura nel contesto dei disturbi alimentari, valutando la presenza di eventuali differenze nella percezione e nell’utilizzo degli spazi verdi tra persone con DA e un gruppo di controllo. L’obiettivo è comprendere la presunta influenza della natura sulla qualità della vita e sulla sintomatologia dei DA, ipotizzando un potenziale valore terapeutico della natura nei percorsi integrati di cura. Materiali e metodi. È stato condotto uno studio trasversale su un campione di 208 soggetti, suddivisi in un gruppo DA (n = 73) e un gruppo di controllo (n = 135). I partecipanti hanno compilato, oltre a una parte demografica, una batteria di questionari validati: GSAT (Green Space Attitude Test), EDQoL (Eating Disorders Quality of Life), EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), FAS-III (Family Affluence Scale), e un test su uso e percezioni degli spazi verdi. È stata inoltre condotta una network analysis per esplorare le eventuali connessioni tra le variabili principali delle due reti (gruppo controllo e gruppo DA). Risultati. I soggetti con DA hanno riportato punteggi significativamente inferiori in quasi tutte le variabili considerate. La network analysis ha rivelato un sistema più denso e interconnesso nel gruppo DA, suggerendo una relazione più marcata tra qualità della vita, sintomatologia alimentare e rapporto con la natura nel gruppo con disturbi alimentari. Discussione. I risultati confermano che la qualità della vita nelle persone con DA è significativamente compromessa e correlata alla sintomatologia alimentare. Inoltre, l’evidenza della maggiore connessione tra psicopatologia dei DA e natura potrebbe essere spiegata dal fatto che le persone con DA presentano una minor flessibilità cognitiva, una disregolazione emotiva, un’immagine corporea alterata e un senso di vergogna. La natura, con il suo effetto calmante e non giudicante, potrebbe aiutare a sanare questi aspetti in un eventuale percorso di cura. In particolare, l’esperienza attiva e concreta nella natura rappresenterebbe una forma di mindfulness che permette di cambiare il focus da se stessi verso ciò che vi è intorno [77]. Conclusioni. Alla luce delle evidenze ottenute, si suggerisce l’integrazione di interventi basati sulla natura (Nature-Based Interventions, NBIs) come risorsa promettente nei percorsi di cura, in un’ottica di salute più globale e integrata. Sono necessari ulteriori studi randomizzati controllati e longitudinali per valutare gli effetti a lungo termine di tali approcci.
Relazione tra natura e disturbi alimentari: analisi delle connessioni in un campione clinico e di controllo
LIZZI, DANAÉ
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction. Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychiatric conditions with significant, and sometimes severe, medical, psychological, and social implications. Although particularly prevalent in Western countries and among the female population, industrialization and globalization have contributed to an increase in their incidence worldwide [10]. Despite the availability of established therapeutic approaches, many individuals with EDs continue to experience substantial impairment in their quality of life. Recently, research has increasingly explored the natural environment as a potential resource for promoting physical and psychological well-being, within a more integrated perspective of health. However, scientific literature specifically examining the relationship between nature and EDs remains limited. Preliminary studies suggest that exposure to green spaces may offer benefits in this context, including improved body image, greater body acceptance and appreciation, and enhanced self-esteem [76]. Study objectives. The present study aims to investigate the role of nature in the context of eating disorders by assessing potential differences in the perception and use of green spaces between individuals with EDs and a control group. The objective is to explore the potential influence of nature on quality of life and eating disorder symptomatology, hypothesizing a therapeutic role of nature within integrated treatment approaches. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 208 participants, divided into an ED group (n = 73) and a control group (n = 135). In addition to a demographic section, participants completed a series of validated instruments: GSAT (Green Space Attitude Test), EDQoL (Eating Disorders Quality of Life), EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), FAS-III (Family Affluence Scale), and a survey on the use and perceptions of green spaces. A network analysis was also conducted to explore potential connections among the main variables within the two groups (ED and control). Results. EDs participants reported significantly lower scores across nearly all assessed variables. The network analysis revealed a denser and more interconnected structure within the ED group, suggesting stronger associations between qualty of life, eating disorder symptoms and the relationship with nature. Discussion. The findings confirm that quality of life in individuals with eating disorders is significantly impaired and closely related to the severity of their symptoms. Furthermore, the stronger association between ED psychopathology and nature may be explained by factors such as reduced cognitive flexibility, emotional dysregulation, negative body image, and pervasive feelings of shame commonly observed in individuals with EDs. Nature, with its calming and non-judgmental qualities, may offer therapeutic potential in addressing these aspects. In particular, embodied experiences in nature may function as a form of mindfulness, helping individuals change focus from the inner-self and toward the external environment [77]. Conclusions. Based on the findings, Nature-Based Interventions (NBIs) are proposed as promising resources within treatment pathways, promoting a more holistic and integrated approach to health. Further randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of such interventions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86914