Introduction: post-transplant anemia (PTA) is a common complication following kidney transplantation, which can negatively impact graft survival, quality of life, and especially cardiovascular risk. The causes of PTA are multiple and include re-duced graft function, EPO deficiency, opportunistic infections, use of myelotoxic immunosuppressants, iron and vitamin deficiencies, and blood loss. The treatment of PTA is based on the administration of iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). HIF-PHIs represent a new approach to treating anemia in chronic kidney dis-ease, while in transplant patients, only observational studies conducted in Asia are available. Preliminary evidence suggests that roxadustat, also due to its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects and improvement in iron metabolism, could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with PTA. Study Objectives: the primary aim of our retrospective observational study was to analyze data on the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients with PTA followed at the Transplant Outpatient Clinic of the Nephrology Unit in Padua. Secondary objec-tives included evaluating the progression of graft function, iron status, and lipid pro-file during treatment with roxadustat. Patients and Methods: we conducted a retrospective observational study involving kidney transplant patients treated with roxadustat and followed at the Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua. Demographic and clinical data were collect-ed, and hemoglobin (Hb) and creatinine (sCr) levels were monitored monthly, while iron metabolism and lipid profile parameters were assessed every 2–3 months. Dos-age changes and the occurrence of side effects were also recorded throughout the treatment period. Results: in the 11 patients included, the use of roxadustat led to a significant increase in Hb levels at 1 month (median 10.45 g/dL) and 2 months (median 11.15 g/dL) compared to baseline (9.6 g/dL) (p < 0.05). All patients (100%) reached the target Hb level after 2 months of therapy. A positive correlation emerged between the Hb in-crease at 1 month and patient weight (rho = 0.66, p = 0.039). Serum creatinine re-mained stable throughout the treatment period, from a baseline of 204 µmol/L to 215 µmol/L at 1 month and 220 µmol/L at 2 months, with no statistically significant dif-ferences (p = 0.73). Total cholesterol values showed a significant reduction (p = 0.03125), while triglycerides and potassium levels remained stable. After 3 months, serum iron showed an increase with a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.0625). The treatment was generally well tolerated, with one case of hyperkalemia and one hospitalization due to sepsis, and no thromboembolic events were reported. Conclusions: in line with previous studies, roxadustat proved to be effective and safe in our cohort of transplant patients with PTA. Additionally, a significant reduction in total cholesterol was observed, making roxadustat potentially more advantageous than ESAs. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Introduzione: l’anemia post trapianto (PTA) è una complicanza frequente associata al trapianto renale, che può influenzare negativamente la sopravvivenza del graft, la qualità di vita e soprattutto il rischio cardiovascolare. L’eziologia della PTA è multi-fattoriale e comprende una ridotta funzione del graft, deficit di EPO, infezioni oppor-tunistiche, uso di immunosoppressori mielotossici, deficit marziale e vitaminico, perdite ematiche. Il trattamento della PTA si basa sulla somministrazione di ferro e di agenti stimolanti l’eritropoiesi (ESA). Gli HIF-PHIs rappresentano una novità nel trattamento dell’anemia nella CKD, mentre nei pazienti trapiantati sono disponibili solo studi osservazionali condotti in Asia. Evidenze preliminari suggeriscono che roxadustat, anche grazie al suo effetto antiinfiammatorio, ipolipemizzante e al miglio-ramento del profilo marziale, possa rappresentare una strategia terapeutica efficace e sicura nei pazienti con PTA. Obiettivi dello studio: lo scopo primario del nostro studio retrospettivo osservazio-nale è stato di analizzare i dati ottenuti riguardante efficacia e sicurezza di roxadustat nei pazienti con PTA seguiti presso l’Ambulatorio Trapianti della Nefrologia di Pa-dova. Obiettivi secondari del nostro studio sono la valutazione dell’andamento della funzione del graft, dell’assetto marziale e lipidico in corsa di terapia con roxadustat. Pazienti e metodi: abbiamo condotto uno studio retrospettivo osservazionale nei pa-zienti trapiantati di rene in trattamento con roxadustat, seguiti presso l’Unità Operati-va Complessa di Nefrologia dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova. Sono stati raccolti dati demografici e clinici, e sono stati monitorati mensilmente l’emoglobina (Hb) e la creatinina (sCr), mentre ogni 2-3 mesi sono stati valutati i parametri del me-tabolismo del ferro e il profilo lipidico. Infine, sono state analizzate le variazioni di posologia e l’insorgenza di effetti collaterali durante tutto il periodo di trattamento. Risultati: negli 11 pazienti inclusi, l’uso di roxadustat ha mostrato un significativo aumento dei livelli di Hb a 1 mese (mediana 10.45 g/dl) e a 2 mesi (mediana 11.15 g/dl) rispetto al basale (9.6 g/dl) (p<0,05). Il target di Hb è stato raggiunto dal 100% dei pazienti dopo 2 mesi di terapia. E’ emersa una correlazione positiva tra delta di Hb a 1 mese e il peso del paziente (rho = 0.66, p=0.039). La sCr è rimasta stabile du-rante tutto il periodo di trattamento, partendo da un basale di 204 umol/L, a 215 umol/L dopo 1 mese e 220 umol/L a 2 mesi, senza differenze statisticamente signifi-cative (p=0.73). I valori di colesterolo totale hanno mostrato una riduzione significa-tiva (p=0.03125), mentre i valori dei trigliceridi e potassio sono rimasti stabili. La si-deremia dopo 3 mesi ha mostrato un aumento con una tendenza verso la significati-vità statistica (p=0.0625). Il trattamento è stato generalmente ben tollerato, con un solo caso di iperkaliemia e un ricovero per sepsi, e nessun evento tromboembolico da segnalare. Conclusioni: a conferma di precedenti studi, roxadustat si è dimostrato efficace e si-curo nella nostra coorte di pazienti trapiantati affetti da PTA. Inoltre è stata rilevata una significativa riduzione del colesterolo totale, aspetto che rende roxadustat più vantaggioso rispetto agli ESA. Sono necessari studi più estesi per rafforzare quanto osservato.
Nuove prospettive terapeutiche nell'anemia post-trapianto: l'esperienza padovana nell'uso di roxadustat nei trapiantati di rene
BEN HMIDA, HAMADI
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: post-transplant anemia (PTA) is a common complication following kidney transplantation, which can negatively impact graft survival, quality of life, and especially cardiovascular risk. The causes of PTA are multiple and include re-duced graft function, EPO deficiency, opportunistic infections, use of myelotoxic immunosuppressants, iron and vitamin deficiencies, and blood loss. The treatment of PTA is based on the administration of iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). HIF-PHIs represent a new approach to treating anemia in chronic kidney dis-ease, while in transplant patients, only observational studies conducted in Asia are available. Preliminary evidence suggests that roxadustat, also due to its anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects and improvement in iron metabolism, could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with PTA. Study Objectives: the primary aim of our retrospective observational study was to analyze data on the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients with PTA followed at the Transplant Outpatient Clinic of the Nephrology Unit in Padua. Secondary objec-tives included evaluating the progression of graft function, iron status, and lipid pro-file during treatment with roxadustat. Patients and Methods: we conducted a retrospective observational study involving kidney transplant patients treated with roxadustat and followed at the Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua. Demographic and clinical data were collect-ed, and hemoglobin (Hb) and creatinine (sCr) levels were monitored monthly, while iron metabolism and lipid profile parameters were assessed every 2–3 months. Dos-age changes and the occurrence of side effects were also recorded throughout the treatment period. Results: in the 11 patients included, the use of roxadustat led to a significant increase in Hb levels at 1 month (median 10.45 g/dL) and 2 months (median 11.15 g/dL) compared to baseline (9.6 g/dL) (p < 0.05). All patients (100%) reached the target Hb level after 2 months of therapy. A positive correlation emerged between the Hb in-crease at 1 month and patient weight (rho = 0.66, p = 0.039). Serum creatinine re-mained stable throughout the treatment period, from a baseline of 204 µmol/L to 215 µmol/L at 1 month and 220 µmol/L at 2 months, with no statistically significant dif-ferences (p = 0.73). Total cholesterol values showed a significant reduction (p = 0.03125), while triglycerides and potassium levels remained stable. After 3 months, serum iron showed an increase with a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.0625). The treatment was generally well tolerated, with one case of hyperkalemia and one hospitalization due to sepsis, and no thromboembolic events were reported. Conclusions: in line with previous studies, roxadustat proved to be effective and safe in our cohort of transplant patients with PTA. Additionally, a significant reduction in total cholesterol was observed, making roxadustat potentially more advantageous than ESAs. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86918