Background: Exposure to green spaces during childhood has been associated with numerous mental and physical health benefits. However, its potential protective role in the development of eating disorders (EDs) has not yet been fully explored. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between early-life exposure to green spaces (from pregnancy to age 12) and the subsequent development of eating disorders. Additionally, the study evaluates the relationship between green space exposure and several clinical and psychopathological characteristics, such as diagnosis, depressive and anxious symptoms, and illness severity. Materials and Methods: An exploratory analysis was conducted on a sample of 2,239 females (1,345 with an eating disorder and 894 healthy controls). Of these, 1,390 (541 cases and 849 controls) belonged to a representative cohort of females born in Padua between 1971 and 1979, while the remaining 849 (804 cases and 45 controls) were born between 1980 and 2008. Green space exposure was estimated based on maternal and early-life residential addresses, integrating environmental and demographic data. ED onset was assessed through clinical interviews conducted either during an epidemiological study or at the Eating Disorders Center of the University Hospital of Padua. Results: Data show that individuals with eating disorders were significantly less exposed to green space compared to healthy controls in most of the years analyzed. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, confirmed an independent association between lower green space exposure and the presence of the disorder, after adjusting for factors such as birth year, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. No differences were observed among the various diagnostic subgroups. As previously reported in the literature, green space exposure was generally correlated with the social status of both cases and controls. Within the clinical sample, no statistically significant associations emerged between green space exposure and clinical characteristics of the disorder or associated psychopathology. Only a weak negative association was found between green space exposure in the year of birth and illness duration, as well as weak negative correlations with specific psychopathological variables such as bulimia, perfectionism, trait anxiety, and hyperactivity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, as reported in the literature for other mental health outcomes, exposure to natural environments during early development may represent a protective factor against eating disorders. Promoting access to green spaces in early life may serve as a non-pharmacological public health prevention strategy.
Background: L’esposizione agli spazi verdi durante l’infanzia è stata associata a numerosi benefici per la salute mentale e fisica. Tuttavia, il suo potenziale ruolo protettivo nello sviluppo di disturbi alimentari non è ancora stato pienamente esplorato. Obiettivo: Questo studio si propone di indagare l’associazione tra l’esposizione agli spazi verdi nelle prime fasi di vita (dalla gravidanza ai 12 anni) e il successivo sviluppo di disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA). Viene inoltre valutata l’associazione tra esposizione al verde e alcune caratteristiche cliniche e psicopatologiche, come la diagnosi, la sintomatologia ansioso-depressiva e la gravità del disturbo. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta un’analisi esplorativa su un campione di 2.239 soggetti di sesso femminile (1345 donne con disturbo dell’alimentazione e 894 donne sane). Tra questi, 1.390 (541 casi e 849 controlli) appartengono ad una coorte rappresentativa della popolazione femminile nata a Padova tra il 1971 e il 1979, mentre gli altri 849 (804 casi e 45 controlli) sono nati tra il 1980 e il 2008. L’esposizione al verde è stata stimata sulla base della residenza materna e infantile nei primi anni di vita, integrando dati ambientali e anagrafici. L’insorgenza di DCA è stata valutata tramite interviste cliniche svolte o nel corso di uno studio epidemiologico o presso il Centro per i Disturbi dell’Alimentazione dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova. Risultati: I dati riportano che i soggetti con disturbo dell’alimentazione hanno mostrato un’esposizione al verde significativamente inferiore rispetto ai controlli sani nella maggior parte degli anni analizzati. Le analisi statistiche, anche multivariate, hanno confermato l’associazione indipendente tra minore esposizione e presenza del disturbo, al netto di fattori come anno di nascita, urbanizzazione e stato socioeconomico. I diversi sottogruppi diagnostici non differiscono tra loro. L’esposizione al verde, come già riportato in letteratura, risulta mediamente correlata allo stato sociale di casi e controlli. Nel campione clinico, non sono emerse correlazioni rilevanti da un punto di vista statistico né con le caratteristiche cliniche della malattia né con la psicopatologia associata. Si segnalano solo una debole associazione negativa tra esposizione al verde nell’anno di nascita e la durata della malattia e deboli correlazioni negative con alcune variabili psicopatologiche quali bulimia, perfezionismo, ansia di tratto e iperattività. Conclusioni: I risultati indicano che, come già riscontrato in letteratura per altri aspetti della salute mentale, anche per i disturbi dell’alimentazione l’ambiente naturale durante le fasi precoci dello sviluppo potrebbe rappresentare un fattore protettivo. Promuovere l’accesso agli spazi verdi fin dalle prime fasi della vita potrebbe costituire un intervento preventivo non farmacologico di sanità pubblica.
Esposizione precoce agli spazi verdi e rischio di sviluppo di un disturbo dell'alimentazione: analisi di una coorte urbana e suburbana
FAVARETTO, VERONICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Exposure to green spaces during childhood has been associated with numerous mental and physical health benefits. However, its potential protective role in the development of eating disorders (EDs) has not yet been fully explored. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between early-life exposure to green spaces (from pregnancy to age 12) and the subsequent development of eating disorders. Additionally, the study evaluates the relationship between green space exposure and several clinical and psychopathological characteristics, such as diagnosis, depressive and anxious symptoms, and illness severity. Materials and Methods: An exploratory analysis was conducted on a sample of 2,239 females (1,345 with an eating disorder and 894 healthy controls). Of these, 1,390 (541 cases and 849 controls) belonged to a representative cohort of females born in Padua between 1971 and 1979, while the remaining 849 (804 cases and 45 controls) were born between 1980 and 2008. Green space exposure was estimated based on maternal and early-life residential addresses, integrating environmental and demographic data. ED onset was assessed through clinical interviews conducted either during an epidemiological study or at the Eating Disorders Center of the University Hospital of Padua. Results: Data show that individuals with eating disorders were significantly less exposed to green space compared to healthy controls in most of the years analyzed. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, confirmed an independent association between lower green space exposure and the presence of the disorder, after adjusting for factors such as birth year, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. No differences were observed among the various diagnostic subgroups. As previously reported in the literature, green space exposure was generally correlated with the social status of both cases and controls. Within the clinical sample, no statistically significant associations emerged between green space exposure and clinical characteristics of the disorder or associated psychopathology. Only a weak negative association was found between green space exposure in the year of birth and illness duration, as well as weak negative correlations with specific psychopathological variables such as bulimia, perfectionism, trait anxiety, and hyperactivity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, as reported in the literature for other mental health outcomes, exposure to natural environments during early development may represent a protective factor against eating disorders. Promoting access to green spaces in early life may serve as a non-pharmacological public health prevention strategy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86970