Background Delayed cord clamping of at least one minute is recommended in neonates who do not need resuscitation at birth. After three minutes, most of the blood is transferred from the placenta to the neonate, but the possible benefits of longer times remain unknown. Animal studies suggest that leaving the intact umbilical cord for longer times may be associated with improved clinical effects including transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), perfusion index (Pi), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. Aim The aim of this study will be to compare the cardio-respiratory parameters (SpO2, Pi, HR and blood pressure) in healthy neonates who underwent two delayed cord clamping durations (3 minutes vs. 2 hours) during the two postnatal hours. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in two Italian hospitals with different standard DCC practices. At Montebelluna Hospital, DCC lasted two hours; at the University Hospital of Padua, DCC was performed at 3 minutes. Healthy term infants born vaginally were enrolled after informed parental consent. HR, SpO₂ e Pi were recorded every minute for the first two hours. Blood pressure, axillary temperature, hematocrit, phototherapy need, and maternal satisfaction were also assessed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Padua (Document number 6312/AO/25, 15th May 2025). Results Baseline characteristics were comparable, except for higher maternal temperature and the Skin-to-skin room temperature in the 3-minute DCC group. HR, SpO₂ and Pi trends differed between groups, with HR initially lower in the 2-hour group, then higher after 30 minutes. SpO₂ was higher in the 2-hour group only in the first 30 minutes, while Pi remained lower throughout. More neonates in the 2-hour DCC group maintained normothermia, and blood pressure was significantly higher at all time points. Hematocrit levels were similar between groups, and only one infant in the 2-hour DCC group required phototherapy. Maternal satisfaction was similar. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions Our preliminary data show that in healthy infants, maintaining placental circulation for two hours was associated with higher heart rates and blood pressures, while oxygen saturations and perfusion indexes were reduced when compared to the DCC at 3 minutes. Of note, all the assessed parameters were in the normal neonatal range in the 2 groups. Satisfaction was comparable between the mothers of the 2 groups. Our findings suggest a possible activation of the sympathetic system in the 2-hour DCC group and don’t support a prolongation of the actual recommendation on the DCC time. Future research is needed to assess the long-term outcomes of this approach and to identify specific neonatal subgroups that may benefit most from extended DCC.
Presupposti dello studio Il clampaggio tardivo del cordone ombelicale (DCC) è raccomandato nei neonati che non necessitano di manovre rianimatorie alla nascita. La trasfusione placentare avviene per la maggior parte nei primi tre minuti, ma i possibili benefici di una durata maggiore restano sconosciuti. Studi condotti su animali suggeriscono che lasciare il cordone ombelicale intatto per tempi più lunghi potrebbe essere associato ad effetti clinici migliori, rilevabili tramite parametri quali la saturazione transcutanea di ossigeno (SpO₂), l’indice di perfusione (Pi), la frequenza cardiaca (HR) e la pressione arteriosa. Scopo Lo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di confrontare, durante le prime due ore di vita, i parametri cardio-respiratori (SpO₂, Pi, HR e pressione arteriosa) in neonati sani sottoposti al clampaggio tardivo del cordone ombelicale a 2 ore o a 3 minuti. Materiali e Metodi Si tratta di uno studio osservazionale, prospettico condotto in due ospedali in cui sono stati studiati due approcci di DCC differenti: presso l’Ospedale di Montebelluna il DCC avveniva a due ore, mentre presso l’Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova veniva effettuato a 3 minuti. Dopo aver raccolto il consenso informato dei genitori, sono stati arruolati neonati a termine, sani e nati da parto vaginale. HR, SpO₂ e Pi sono stati registrati ogni minuto per le prime due ore tramite tecnica non invasiva con un pulsossimetro posizionato sulla mano destra del neonato. Sono stati inoltre valutati la pressione arteriosa e la temperatura ascellare ogni 30 minuti, l’ematocrito a 48 ore di vita, il bisogno di fototerapia e il grado di soddisfazione materna. Il protocollo di studio è stato approvato dal Comitato Etico Territoriale Area Centro-Est Veneto (documento n. 6312/AO/25, 15 maggio 2025). Risultati Le caratteristiche di base sono risultate simili tra i 2 gruppi, ad eccezione della temperatura materna e della temperatura della sala parto, più elevate nel gruppo DCC a 3 minuti. I trend degli outcome primari (HR, SpO₂ e Pi) differivano tra i gruppi: la HR era inizialmente più bassa nel gruppo DCC a 2 ore, ma diventava maggiore dopo 30 minuti. La SpO₂ era, al contrario, più alta nel gruppo a 2 ore nei primi 30 minuti, per poi divenire inferiore rispetto a quella registrata per il gruppo ricevente clampaggio tardivo a 3 minuti. Il Pi risultava costantemente più basso nel gruppo con clampaggio tardivo a 2 ore. Per quanto concerne gli esiti secondari, i neonati riceventi clampaggio a 2 ore mostravano un miglior mantenimento della normotermia. Anche la pressione arteriosa registrata nel medesimo gruppo si manteneva più elevata in tutti i momenti di misurazione. L’ematocrito era simile e solo un neonato tra i riceventi clampaggio a 2 ore ha necessitato di fototerapia. La soddisfazione materna è risultata analoga tra i gruppi. Non sono stati segnalati eventi avversi. Conclusioni I dati preliminari raccolti dal presente studio suggeriscono che, nei neonati fisiologici, il mantenimento della circolazione placentare per due ore si associa a una frequenza cardiaca e una pressione arteriosa più elevate, ma anche a una saturazione di ossigeno e un indice di perfusione inferiori rispetto ai neonati che ricevono DCC a 3 minuti. Questo può essere interpretato come una maggior risposta del sistema simpatico nel gruppo che ha ricevuto DCC a 2 ore. Va sottolineato che, sebbene diversi, i parametri si sono sempre mantenuti nei limiti di normalità nei 2 gruppi e non sembra che un ulteriore prolungamento del DCC a 2 ore possa risultare vantaggioso rispetto ai tempi raccomandati. Sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per valutare gli effetti a lungo termine di questo approccio e per identificare eventuali sottogruppi neonatali che potrebbero trarne beneficio.
Delayed cord clamping for two hours or three minutes: an observational prospective study
CORRÀ, MARGHERITA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background Delayed cord clamping of at least one minute is recommended in neonates who do not need resuscitation at birth. After three minutes, most of the blood is transferred from the placenta to the neonate, but the possible benefits of longer times remain unknown. Animal studies suggest that leaving the intact umbilical cord for longer times may be associated with improved clinical effects including transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), perfusion index (Pi), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. Aim The aim of this study will be to compare the cardio-respiratory parameters (SpO2, Pi, HR and blood pressure) in healthy neonates who underwent two delayed cord clamping durations (3 minutes vs. 2 hours) during the two postnatal hours. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in two Italian hospitals with different standard DCC practices. At Montebelluna Hospital, DCC lasted two hours; at the University Hospital of Padua, DCC was performed at 3 minutes. Healthy term infants born vaginally were enrolled after informed parental consent. HR, SpO₂ e Pi were recorded every minute for the first two hours. Blood pressure, axillary temperature, hematocrit, phototherapy need, and maternal satisfaction were also assessed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Padua (Document number 6312/AO/25, 15th May 2025). Results Baseline characteristics were comparable, except for higher maternal temperature and the Skin-to-skin room temperature in the 3-minute DCC group. HR, SpO₂ and Pi trends differed between groups, with HR initially lower in the 2-hour group, then higher after 30 minutes. SpO₂ was higher in the 2-hour group only in the first 30 minutes, while Pi remained lower throughout. More neonates in the 2-hour DCC group maintained normothermia, and blood pressure was significantly higher at all time points. Hematocrit levels were similar between groups, and only one infant in the 2-hour DCC group required phototherapy. Maternal satisfaction was similar. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions Our preliminary data show that in healthy infants, maintaining placental circulation for two hours was associated with higher heart rates and blood pressures, while oxygen saturations and perfusion indexes were reduced when compared to the DCC at 3 minutes. Of note, all the assessed parameters were in the normal neonatal range in the 2 groups. Satisfaction was comparable between the mothers of the 2 groups. Our findings suggest a possible activation of the sympathetic system in the 2-hour DCC group and don’t support a prolongation of the actual recommendation on the DCC time. Future research is needed to assess the long-term outcomes of this approach and to identify specific neonatal subgroups that may benefit most from extended DCC.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86977