Background: Appropriate identification of target patients for methylxanthine therapy may optimize resource allocation and improve clinical outcomes, but data on routine care in low-resource settings are limited. Aim of the study: This research assessed the use and impact of methylxanthine therapy in two Sub-Saharan hospitals, aiming to help direct the implementation of methylxanthine treatment into low-resource clinical settings and provide useful information to clinicians. Methods: This observational study investigated methylxanthine use in newborns who were admitted to Tosamaganga Hospital (Tanzania) and Wolisso Hospital (Ethiopia) in 2022-2023. The prevalence and type of methylxanthine treatment were investigated. Neonates receiving methylxanthine were compared to those not receiving it in terms of baseline characteristics, clinical data, treatments and discharge information. All data were retrieved from hospital charts. Results: Aminophylline was administered to 196/1,674 neonates (11.7%), while caffeine was not available in the settings. This treatment was more common in preterm and smaller infants (p<0.0001), asphyxiated neonates (p<0.0001), and sickest patients (p<0.001). Need for respiratory support (p<0.0001), intravenous line (p<0.0001), antibiotic therapy (p<0.0001), length of hospital stay (p<0.0001), and mortality rate (p<0.0001) were higher in neonates receiving aminophylline. Conclusions: In two Sub-Saharan settings, methylxanthine treatment was limited to aminophylline, which was given to around 12% of infants admitted to the special care units. Overall, the treatment was appropriately given to most eligible neonates, although a considerable subgroup of very preterm infants did not receive aminophylline prophylaxis. Further studies may investigate the reasons for protocol incompliance regarding aminophylline treatment and healthcare staff’s opinions on such aspect.
Presupposti dello studio: L'appropriata identificazione dei neonati candidati alla terapia con metilxantine può ottimizzare l’allocazione delle risorse e migliorare gli outcome clinici, tuttavia i dati sulle cure di routine in contesti a basse risorse sono limitati. Scopo dello studio: Questa ricerca ha valutato l’uso e l’impatto della terapia con metilxantine in due ospedali dell’Africa subsahariana, con l’obiettivo di orientare l’implementazione del trattamento con metilxantine in contesti clinici a basse risorse e fornire informazioni utili ai medici. Materiali e metodi: Questo studio osservazionale ha analizzato l’utilizzo delle metilxantine nei neonati ricoverati presso l’Ospedale di Tosamaganga (Tanzania) e l’Ospedale di Wolisso (Etiopia) tra il 2022 e il 2023. Sono stati registrati la prevalenza e il tipo di trattamento con metilxantine. I neonati che hanno ricevuto le metilxantine sono stati confrontati con quelli che non le hanno ricevute, in base alle caratteristiche cliniche iniziali, ai dati clinici, alle informazioni sui trattamenti e sulla dimissione. Tutti i dati sono stati raccolti dalle cartelle cliniche ospedaliere. Risultati: Su 1.674 neonati, 196 (11,7%) hanno ricevuto aminofillina; la caffeina non era disponibile nei due centri. Il trattamento con aminofillina è risultato più frequente nei neonati prematuri e con basso peso alla nascita (p<0.0001), nei neonati asfittici (p<0.0001) e nei pazienti clinicamente più gravi (p<0.001). Nei neonati trattati con aminofillina sono risultati significativamente più elevati il bisogno di supporto respiratorio (p<0.0001), la necessità di accesso venoso (p<0.0001), la somministrazione di antibiotici (p<0.0001), la durata della degenza ospedaliera (p<0.0001) e il tasso di mortalità (p<0.0001). Conclusioni: Nei due contesti subsahariani analizzati, il trattamento con metilxantine è stato limitato all’uso di aminofillina, somministrata a circa il 12% dei neonati ricoverati nelle unità di terapia intensiva neonatale. In generale, il trattamento è stato somministrato in modo appropriato alla maggior parte dei neonati eleggibili, sebbene un sottogruppo rilevante di molto prematuri non abbia ricevuto la profilassi con aminofillina. Studi futuri potrebbero approfondire le ragioni della non aderenza ai protocolli terapeutici e indagare le opinioni del personale sanitario su questo aspetto.
Methylxanthine treatment in neonates admitted to the special care unit: an observational study in low-resource settings
GULLI, GIOVANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Appropriate identification of target patients for methylxanthine therapy may optimize resource allocation and improve clinical outcomes, but data on routine care in low-resource settings are limited. Aim of the study: This research assessed the use and impact of methylxanthine therapy in two Sub-Saharan hospitals, aiming to help direct the implementation of methylxanthine treatment into low-resource clinical settings and provide useful information to clinicians. Methods: This observational study investigated methylxanthine use in newborns who were admitted to Tosamaganga Hospital (Tanzania) and Wolisso Hospital (Ethiopia) in 2022-2023. The prevalence and type of methylxanthine treatment were investigated. Neonates receiving methylxanthine were compared to those not receiving it in terms of baseline characteristics, clinical data, treatments and discharge information. All data were retrieved from hospital charts. Results: Aminophylline was administered to 196/1,674 neonates (11.7%), while caffeine was not available in the settings. This treatment was more common in preterm and smaller infants (p<0.0001), asphyxiated neonates (p<0.0001), and sickest patients (p<0.001). Need for respiratory support (p<0.0001), intravenous line (p<0.0001), antibiotic therapy (p<0.0001), length of hospital stay (p<0.0001), and mortality rate (p<0.0001) were higher in neonates receiving aminophylline. Conclusions: In two Sub-Saharan settings, methylxanthine treatment was limited to aminophylline, which was given to around 12% of infants admitted to the special care units. Overall, the treatment was appropriately given to most eligible neonates, although a considerable subgroup of very preterm infants did not receive aminophylline prophylaxis. Further studies may investigate the reasons for protocol incompliance regarding aminophylline treatment and healthcare staff’s opinions on such aspect.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86979