Background: Lung Ultrasound Score represents a tool with the potential to predict the onset, monitor and guide therapeutic decisions of several respiratory diseases of the newborn. Prominent in this field is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which, despite advances in preventive and therapeutic strategies, continues to present a significant morbidity. Among the therapeutic tools currently available are systemic corticosteroids, which with their effect of modulating the inflammatory response succeed in reducing the risk of severe forms of the disease. However, their use is not without risk, and it is essential to find a balance between benefits and possible side effects. Aim of the study: To evaluate the use of the LUS extendend as a monitoring tool in premature infants treated with intravenous dexamethasone for the prevention of BPD. In particular, the study aims to define a possible cut-off score predictive of lower disease risk, a cut-off score predictive of successful extubation and to describe the score trend following therapy. Methodology: The study was conducted with a prospective longitudinal and observational design, carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. All neonates with postmenstrual age ≤ 30 weeks, presenting a cumulative risk of moderate or severe BPD or death greater than 60% according to the Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator, were included. Subjects were treated with a course of low-dose systemic dexamethasone after the first week of life and monitored with serial lung ultrasound scans to collect LUS at different time-points. Data were analysed using Jamovi and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: 23 extremely premature infants with a mean gestational age at birth of 25.9 ± 1.7 weeks and a mean birth weight of 713 ± 167 g were included in the study. At the time of treatment initiation, the mean postmenstrual age was 29.5 ± 2.4 weeks. A significant reduction in mean LUS was observed in the early posttreatment days, suggesting an initial improvement in the drug-induced ultrasound picture. However, the improvement tended to stabilize and, in some cases, worsen (rebound) at a distance. A significant reduction in mean LUS was observed in the first few days post-treatment, suggesting an initial improvement in the drug-induced ultrasound picture. The improvement, however, tended to stabilise and in some cases worsen (rebound). Individual analysis revealed marked heterogeneity in response to therapy, and with subsequent clustering analysis four possible patterns emerged: good stable response, good initial response with rebound, slow response and poor response. Early variations in LUS showed no significant predictive ability for the development or severity of BPD. The predictive ability of LUS for BPD appeared to be greater before treatment, a tendency that diminished over the following days, suggesting a possible impact of dexamethasone on score predictivity. In contrast, early changes in LUS significantly predicted extubation success. Predictive reduction cut-offs were identified: ≥ 3 points (day 0-1) and ≥ 5 points (day 0-2). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study demonstrated that LUS represents a promising tool to monitor the response to systemic dexamethasone in premature infants at high risk of BPD. The results showed a reduction in diagnostic predictive ability after treatment initiation but confirmed the usefulness of the score in predicting extubation success and identifying different patterns of therapeutic response.
Presupposti: Il Lung Ultrasound Score rappresenta uno strumento potenzialmente in grado di predire l’insorgenza, monitorare e guidare le decisioni terapeutiche di numerose patologie respiratorie del neonato. Di rilievo in questo campo è la displasia broncopolmonare, la quale, nonostante i progressi nelle strategie preventive e terapeutiche, continua a presentare una morbidità notevole. Tra gli strumenti terapeutici attualmente disponibili si riconoscono i corticosteroidi sistemici, che con il loro effetto di modulazione della risposta infiammatoria riescono a ridurre il rischio di forme gravi di malattia. Tuttavia, il loro impiego non è privo di rischi, ed è fondamentale trovare un equilibrio tra benefici e possibili effetti collaterali. Scopo: Valutare l’utilizzo dell’extendend LUS come strumento di monitoraggio nei neonati prematuri trattati con desametasone endovenoso per la prevenzione della BPD. In particolare, lo studio mira a definire un eventuale cut-off di riduzione del punteggio predittivo di minor rischio di malattia, un cut-off di riduzione del punteggio che possa predire il successo dell’estubazione e descrivere l’andamento dello score in seguito alla terapia. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio è stato progettato con un disegno prospettico longitudinale e osservazionale, condotto presso la Terapia Intensiva Neonatale dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. Sono stati inclusi tutti i neonati con età postmestruale ≤ 30 settimane, che presentassero un rischio cumulativo di BPD moderata o grave o di decesso superiore al 60% secondo il Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator. I soggetti sono stati sottoposti a trattamento con un ciclo di desametasone sistemico a basse dosi dopo la prima settimana di vita e monitorati con ecografie polmonari seriate per raccogliere il LUS a diversi time-point. I dati sono stati analizzati tramite i software Jamovi e IBM SPSS Statistics. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi nello studio 23 neonati estremamente prematuri, con età gestazionale media alla nascita di 25.9 ± 1.7 settimane e peso medio di 713 ± 167 g. Al momento dell’inizio del trattamento l’età postmestruale media era di 29.5 ± 2.4 settimane. Si è osservata una riduzione significativa del LUS medio nei primi giorni post-trattamento, suggerendo un miglioramento iniziale del quadro ecografico indotto dal farmaco. Il miglioramento, però, tende a stabilizzarsi e in alcuni casi a peggiorare (rebound) a distanza. L’analisi individuale ha rilevato una marcata eterogeneità nella risposta alla terapia, e con successiva analisi di clustering sono emersi quattro possibili pattern: buona risposta stabile, buona risposta iniziale con rebound, risposta lenta e scarsa risposta. Le variazioni precoci del LUS non hanno mostrato capacità predittiva significativa per lo sviluppo o la gravità della BPD. La capacità predittiva del LUS per la BPD è apparsa maggiore prima del trattamento, tendenza che si riduce nei giorni successivi, suggerendo un possibile impatto del desametasone sulla predittività dello score. Le variazioni precoci del LUS hanno invece predetto significativamente il successo dell’estubazione. Sono stati identificati cut-off di riduzione predittivi: ≥ 3 punti (giorno 0-1) e ≥ 5 punti (giorno 0-2). Conclusioni: In conclusione, lo studio ha dimostrato che il LUS rappresenta uno strumento promettente per monitorare la risposta al desametasone sistemico nei neonati prematuri ad alto rischio di BPD. I risultati hanno mostrato una riduzione della capacità predittiva diagnostica dopo l'inizio del trattamento, ma hanno confermato l'utilità dello score nel prevedere il successo dell’estubazione e nell’identificare differenti pattern di risposta terapeutica.
Impatto del trattamento con corticosteroidi per la prevenzione della displasia broncopolmonare sul Lung Ultrasound Score
GRANDO, ANNACHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Lung Ultrasound Score represents a tool with the potential to predict the onset, monitor and guide therapeutic decisions of several respiratory diseases of the newborn. Prominent in this field is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which, despite advances in preventive and therapeutic strategies, continues to present a significant morbidity. Among the therapeutic tools currently available are systemic corticosteroids, which with their effect of modulating the inflammatory response succeed in reducing the risk of severe forms of the disease. However, their use is not without risk, and it is essential to find a balance between benefits and possible side effects. Aim of the study: To evaluate the use of the LUS extendend as a monitoring tool in premature infants treated with intravenous dexamethasone for the prevention of BPD. In particular, the study aims to define a possible cut-off score predictive of lower disease risk, a cut-off score predictive of successful extubation and to describe the score trend following therapy. Methodology: The study was conducted with a prospective longitudinal and observational design, carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. All neonates with postmenstrual age ≤ 30 weeks, presenting a cumulative risk of moderate or severe BPD or death greater than 60% according to the Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator, were included. Subjects were treated with a course of low-dose systemic dexamethasone after the first week of life and monitored with serial lung ultrasound scans to collect LUS at different time-points. Data were analysed using Jamovi and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: 23 extremely premature infants with a mean gestational age at birth of 25.9 ± 1.7 weeks and a mean birth weight of 713 ± 167 g were included in the study. At the time of treatment initiation, the mean postmenstrual age was 29.5 ± 2.4 weeks. A significant reduction in mean LUS was observed in the early posttreatment days, suggesting an initial improvement in the drug-induced ultrasound picture. However, the improvement tended to stabilize and, in some cases, worsen (rebound) at a distance. A significant reduction in mean LUS was observed in the first few days post-treatment, suggesting an initial improvement in the drug-induced ultrasound picture. The improvement, however, tended to stabilise and in some cases worsen (rebound). Individual analysis revealed marked heterogeneity in response to therapy, and with subsequent clustering analysis four possible patterns emerged: good stable response, good initial response with rebound, slow response and poor response. Early variations in LUS showed no significant predictive ability for the development or severity of BPD. The predictive ability of LUS for BPD appeared to be greater before treatment, a tendency that diminished over the following days, suggesting a possible impact of dexamethasone on score predictivity. In contrast, early changes in LUS significantly predicted extubation success. Predictive reduction cut-offs were identified: ≥ 3 points (day 0-1) and ≥ 5 points (day 0-2). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study demonstrated that LUS represents a promising tool to monitor the response to systemic dexamethasone in premature infants at high risk of BPD. The results showed a reduction in diagnostic predictive ability after treatment initiation but confirmed the usefulness of the score in predicting extubation success and identifying different patterns of therapeutic response.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87010