Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the nasoethmoidal region (ITAC) is a rare malignancy of the head and neck area, characterized by aggressive locoregional behavior. Current treatment recommendations lack robust evidence due to the scarcity of prospective data. In particular, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) following curative surgery remains a matter of debate, mainly due to the absence of shared guidelines and the heterogeneity in prognosis. This study aims to validate the indications for RT in surgically treated ITAC patients through a retrospective multicenter analysis using a target trial emulation (TTE) design. A cohort of 349 patients treated between 1994 and 2023 across eight European referral centers was analyzed. Data were evaluated using multivariable regression models and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), with the goal of estimating the effect of RT on overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and time to local recurrence (TTLR). Patients were stratified into eight clusters based on the interaction of surgical margin status (R0 vs R1), pathological stage (early vs advanced), and histological grade (low vs high). The analysis revealed that adjuvant RT was significantly associated with improved oncologic outcomes in patients with negative surgical margins (R0) and advanced-stage disease (pT3–pT4), irrespective of histological grade. Conversely, in patients with negative margins and early-stage tumors, the available evidence does not support the routine use of adjuvant RT, suggesting the potential appropriateness of surgery alone; however, this indication remains controversial in high-grade histologic subtypes (mucinous, signet-ring, solid). In contrast, among patients with positive margins (R1), adjuvant RT did not confer benefits in terms of disease control or survival, indicating limited efficacy in the context of incomplete resection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adjuvant radiotherapy in ITAC treatment should be reserved for patients with negative resection margins and locally advanced disease, while it appears to be ineffective in cases with positive margins and early-stage tumors. The identification of specific prognostic subgroups through cluster-based stratification may serve as a valuable tool to guide more appropriate and personalized therapeutic decisions.
L’adenocarcinoma nasoetmoidale di tipo intestinale (ITAC) è una neoplasia rara del distretto testa-collo, caratterizzata da comportamento loco-regionale aggressivo. Le evidenze di trattamento non sono supportate da forti evidenze a causa della scarsa disponibilità di dati prospettici. In particolare, il ruolo della radioterapia adiuvante (RT) nei pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia curativa rimane oggetto di dibattito, soprattutto per l’assenza di linee guida condivise e per l’eterogeneità prognostica. Questo studio si propone di validare, mediante un approccio retrospettivo multicentrico, le indicazioni alla RT in pazienti operati per ITAC, utilizzando un disegno di tipo target trial emulation (TTE) su un campione di 349 pazienti trattati in otto centri europei di riferimento tra il 1994 e il 2023. I dati sono stati analizzati mediante modelli di regressione multivariata e Propensity Score Matching (PSM), con l’obiettivo di stimare l’effetto della RT sugli outcome di sopravvivenza globale (OS), sopravvivenza libera da recidiva (RFS), recidiva locale (LRFS) e tempo alla recidiva (TTLR). I pazienti sono stati stratificati in otto cluster, definiti dall’interazione tra stato dei margini chirurgici (R0 vs R1), stadio patologico (early vs advanced stage) e grado istologico (low vs high grade). L’analisi ha evidenziato che la radioterapia adiuvante risulta associata a un miglioramento significativo degli outcome oncologici nei pazienti con margini chirurgici negativi (R0) e stadio avanzato (pT3–pT4), indipendentemente dal grado istologico. Nei pazienti con margini chirurgici negativi e stadio precoce, le evidenze raccolte non sembrano supportare la necessità di eseguire radioterapia adiuvante, valutando la possibilità di un trattamento unimodale chirurgico; l’indicazione rimane tuttavia controversa negli istotipi di alto grado (mucinoso, signet-ring, solido). Al contrario, nei pazienti con margini positivi (R1), la radioterapia non ha mostrato beneficio in termini di controllo di malattia o sopravvivenza, suggerendo una limitata efficacia adiuvante in condizioni di resezione incompleta. In conclusione, lo studio dimostra che la radioterapia adiuvante nel trattamento dell’ITAC dovrebbe essere riservata ai pazienti con margini di resezione negativi e malattia localmente avanzata, mentre appare inefficace nei casi a margini positivi e nei tumori di stadio precoce. L’identificazione di sottogruppi prognostici specifici tramite stratificazione a cluster può rappresentare uno strumento utile per orientare decisioni terapeutiche più appropriate e personalizzate.
Validazione delle indicazioni alla radioterapia adiuvante nell'adenocarcinoma di tipo intestinale nasoetmoidale (ITAC): uno studio retrospettivo multicentrico su 349 pazienti
CONTE, ALESSANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the nasoethmoidal region (ITAC) is a rare malignancy of the head and neck area, characterized by aggressive locoregional behavior. Current treatment recommendations lack robust evidence due to the scarcity of prospective data. In particular, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) following curative surgery remains a matter of debate, mainly due to the absence of shared guidelines and the heterogeneity in prognosis. This study aims to validate the indications for RT in surgically treated ITAC patients through a retrospective multicenter analysis using a target trial emulation (TTE) design. A cohort of 349 patients treated between 1994 and 2023 across eight European referral centers was analyzed. Data were evaluated using multivariable regression models and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), with the goal of estimating the effect of RT on overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and time to local recurrence (TTLR). Patients were stratified into eight clusters based on the interaction of surgical margin status (R0 vs R1), pathological stage (early vs advanced), and histological grade (low vs high). The analysis revealed that adjuvant RT was significantly associated with improved oncologic outcomes in patients with negative surgical margins (R0) and advanced-stage disease (pT3–pT4), irrespective of histological grade. Conversely, in patients with negative margins and early-stage tumors, the available evidence does not support the routine use of adjuvant RT, suggesting the potential appropriateness of surgery alone; however, this indication remains controversial in high-grade histologic subtypes (mucinous, signet-ring, solid). In contrast, among patients with positive margins (R1), adjuvant RT did not confer benefits in terms of disease control or survival, indicating limited efficacy in the context of incomplete resection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adjuvant radiotherapy in ITAC treatment should be reserved for patients with negative resection margins and locally advanced disease, while it appears to be ineffective in cases with positive margins and early-stage tumors. The identification of specific prognostic subgroups through cluster-based stratification may serve as a valuable tool to guide more appropriate and personalized therapeutic decisions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87280