Introduction: Malignant sinonasal and anterior skull base tumors are rare, accounting for about 1% of all malignancies and 3–5% of head and neck cancers. They are characterized by marked histological heterogeneity, which plays a central role in prognosis and treatment. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the standard treatment for most histologies is surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Over the last two decades, endoscopic transnasal surgery has increasingly replaced open approaches, even in advanced cases. In parallel, technological advances such as IMRT and proton therapy have improved radiotherapy outcomes and reduced toxicity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of adjuvant radiotherapy, especially in high-risk cases. This thesis, based on the fourth study of the MUSES project (Multi-institutional collaborative Study on Endoscopically treated Sinonasal cancers), investigates the indications and clinical impact of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients treated with endoscopic surgery. Objective: To evaluate the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients undergoing transnasal endoscopic surgery for malignant sinonasal and anterior skull base tumors, and to define which patient subgroups benefit most in terms of locoregional control and survival. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter study including patients from five European hospitals (Brescia, Varese, Como, Paris, and Padua). Only patients treated with endoscopic resection within a multidisciplinary setting were included. Clinical outcomes (OS, RFS, TTR, etc.) were compared between those who received adjuvant radiotherapy and those who did not. Results: The study included 1,417 patients. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved OS, DSS, RFS, and LRFS. Less aggressive histologies had a favorable prognosis regardless of radiotherapy, while more aggressive types showed lower survival overall, even with RT. Conclusions: Adjuvant radiotherapy after endoscopic resection proves to be effective in the multimodal treatment of sinonasal cancers, improving survival and reducing recurrences. However, its benefits vary by histological subtype. Further stratified studies are needed to better define which patients are most likely to benefit from this treatment.
Introduzione: I tumori maligni nasosinusali e della base cranica anteriore sono neoplasie rare, rappresentando circa l’1% di tutti i tumori maligni e il 3–5% di quelli testa-collo. Si caratterizzano per un’elevata eterogeneità istologica, elemento cruciale per prognosi e trattamento. La gestione richiede un approccio multidisciplinare; il trattamento standard è rappresentato dalla resezione chirurgica seguita da radioterapia adiuvante. Negli ultimi vent’anni, la chirurgia endoscopica transnasale ha progressivamente sostituito gli approcci open, anche nei casi localmente avanzati. Parallelamente, la radioterapia ha beneficiato di innovazioni come IMRT e protonterapia, migliorando efficacia e tollerabilità. Studi recenti hanno evidenziato il ruolo chiave della radioterapia adiuvante, soprattutto nei casi ad alto rischio. Questa tesi, parte del quarto studio del progetto MUSES (Multi-institutional collaborative Study on Endoscopically treated Sinonasal cancers), analizza le indicazioni alla radioterapia adiuvante e il suo impatto clinico nei pazienti trattati con chirurgia endoscopica. Scopo: Valutare il ruolo della radioterapia adiuvante nei pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia endoscopica transnasale per tumori maligni nasosinusali e craniofacciali anteriori, definendo quali sottogruppi ne traggano maggiore beneficio in termini di controllo locoregionale e sopravvivenza. Materiali e Metodi: Studio retrospettivo, longitudinale e multicentrico, condotto su pazienti di cinque centri europei (Brescia, Varese, Como, Parigi, Padova). Sono stati inclusi solo pazienti trattati con resezione endoscopica in ambito multidisciplinare. Gli outcome clinici (OS, RFS, TTR, ecc.) sono stati confrontati tra i gruppi con e senza radioterapia adiuvante. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi 1417 pazienti. Le analisi univariata e multivariata hanno mostrato che la radioterapia adiuvante è associata a un miglioramento significativo di OS, DSS, RFS e LRFS. Le istologie meno aggressive mostrano buona prognosi indipendentemente dalla RT, mentre quelle più aggressive presentano sopravvivenza inferiore anche con RT. Conclusioni: La radioterapia adiuvante dopo resezione endoscopica si conferma efficace nel trattamento multimodale dei tumori nasosinusali, migliorando la sopravvivenza e riducendo le recidive. Tuttavia, l’efficacia varia a seconda dell’istologia. Saranno necessari ulteriori studi stratificati per identificare i pazienti che traggono maggior vantaggio dal trattamento.
Validazione delle indicazioni alla radioterapia adiuvante nei tumori maligni del distretto nasosinusale e craniofacciale anteriore trattati chirurgicamente per via endoscopica transnasale: uno studio retrospettivo multicentrico.
MENEGATTI, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant sinonasal and anterior skull base tumors are rare, accounting for about 1% of all malignancies and 3–5% of head and neck cancers. They are characterized by marked histological heterogeneity, which plays a central role in prognosis and treatment. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the standard treatment for most histologies is surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Over the last two decades, endoscopic transnasal surgery has increasingly replaced open approaches, even in advanced cases. In parallel, technological advances such as IMRT and proton therapy have improved radiotherapy outcomes and reduced toxicity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of adjuvant radiotherapy, especially in high-risk cases. This thesis, based on the fourth study of the MUSES project (Multi-institutional collaborative Study on Endoscopically treated Sinonasal cancers), investigates the indications and clinical impact of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients treated with endoscopic surgery. Objective: To evaluate the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients undergoing transnasal endoscopic surgery for malignant sinonasal and anterior skull base tumors, and to define which patient subgroups benefit most in terms of locoregional control and survival. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter study including patients from five European hospitals (Brescia, Varese, Como, Paris, and Padua). Only patients treated with endoscopic resection within a multidisciplinary setting were included. Clinical outcomes (OS, RFS, TTR, etc.) were compared between those who received adjuvant radiotherapy and those who did not. Results: The study included 1,417 patients. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved OS, DSS, RFS, and LRFS. Less aggressive histologies had a favorable prognosis regardless of radiotherapy, while more aggressive types showed lower survival overall, even with RT. Conclusions: Adjuvant radiotherapy after endoscopic resection proves to be effective in the multimodal treatment of sinonasal cancers, improving survival and reducing recurrences. However, its benefits vary by histological subtype. Further stratified studies are needed to better define which patients are most likely to benefit from this treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87281