Background: Thoracic trauma is observed in 60% of polytrauma patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 20%, making it the third most common cause of death in polytrauma cases after abdominal injuries and traumatic brain injury. The high incidence of thoracic trauma highlights the need for patient stratification based on the presence or absence of risk factors that may predict an unfavourable outcome. Study Objective: The primary aim of the TRACTIONS study is to identify early predictors of orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt chest trauma who were not intubated in the pre-hospital setting. The secondary objective includes the assessment of pulmonary lesion progression using the Lung Ultrasound Score. Materials and Methods: TRACTIONS is a national, multicenter, observational, prospective study involving 15 participating centers. It includes patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the Emergency Department with blunt chest trauma, with a documentable thoracic injury (T-AIS ≥2), a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) >8, and no pre-hospital intubation. The recruitment period is from November 2022 to May 2025. Patients are followed for 7 days post-trauma or until discharge. Assessments include 12-zone thoracic ultrasound, daily evaluation of pain, administered analgesia, and oxygen therapy. The onset of adverse outcomes such as the need for intubation/NIV, development of ARDS, or death is also evaluated. Results: The preliminary analysis of data from the TRACTIONS study identified four variables significantly associated with the need for orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt thoracic trauma: systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and the number of rib fractures. The mean LUS score was higher in intubated patients, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Thoracic ultrasound proved to be a useful and versatile tool both in the Emergency Department and during inpatient monitoring, despite limitations related to score standardization and operator dependency. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that easily measurable clinical parameters such as systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and Glasgow Coma Scale score may help in the early identification of patients with thoracic trauma at risk of respiratory deterioration. Integrating these variables into the initial assessment could support a more timely and targeted approach. Although promising, lung evaluation using the LUS score in trauma patients requires further studies and a revision of the scoring system to enhance its predictive reliability. Despite being in its early phase, the TRACTIONS study provides valuable insights into improving thoracic trauma management and highlights the need for larger sample sizes and more selective inclusion criteria to strengthen the evidence base.
Background: Il trauma toracico si riscontra nel 60% dei pazienti politraumatizzati, con una mortalità che si attesta attorno al 20%, rappresentando la terza causa di morte più comune nel paziente con politrauma dopo le lesioni addominali e il trauma cranico. L’elevata incidenza del trauma toracico rende necessaria una stratificazione dei pazienti in base alla presenza o meno di fattori di rischio che possano predire un outcome sfavorevole. Scopo dello studio: Lo studio TRACTIONS ha come obiettivo primario la valutazione di predittori precoci di intubazione orotracheale in pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso non intubati sul territorio. L’obiettivo secondario riguarda la valutazione dell’evolutività delle lesioni polmonari mediante LUS score. Materiali e metodi: TRACTIONS è uno studio nazionale, multicentrico, osservazionale e prospettico che coinvolge 15 centri partecipanti, con arruolamento di pazienti con età ≥18 anni afferenti al Pronto Soccorso per trauma toracico chiuso con lesione documentabile T-AIS≥ 2, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) >8 e non intubati sul territorio. Il periodo di reclutamento va da Novembre 2022 a Maggio 2025. I pazienti vengono seguiti per i 7 giorni successivi al trauma, o fino a dimissione, con esecuzione di ecografia toracica a 12 campi, valutazione giornaliera del dolore, dell’analgesia ricevuta e dell’ossigenoterapia somministrata. Viene poi valutata l’insorgenza di outcome sfavorevole come necessità di intubazione/NIV, sviluppo di ARDS, decesso. Risultati: L’analisi preliminare dei dati dello studio TRACTIONS ha identificato quattro variabili significativamente associate alla necessità di intubazione orotracheale in pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso: pressione arteriosa sistolica, frequenza respiratoria, punteggio GCS e numero di coste fratturate. Il LUS score medio è risultato più elevato nei pazienti intubati, ma la differenza non ha raggiunto la significatività statistica. L’ecografia toracica si è dimostrata uno strumento utile e versatile sia in Pronto Soccorso che durante il monitoraggio in degenza, pur con limitazioni legate alla standardizzazione del punteggio e alla dipendenza dall’operatore. Conclusioni: I risultati preliminari suggeriscono che parametri clinici di facile rilevazione, come pressione arteriosa sistolica, frequenza respiratoria e GCS, possano contribuire a identificare precocemente i pazienti con trauma toracico a rischio di deterioramento respiratorio. L’integrazione di tali parametri nelle valutazioni iniziali può facilitare un approccio più tempestivo e mirato. La valutazione polmonare tramite LUS score nel trauma, sebbene promettente, necessita di ulteriori studi e di una revisione del sistema di punteggio per aumentarne l’affidabilità predittiva. Lo studio TRACTIONS, pur nella sua fase iniziale, fornisce spunti importanti per migliorare la gestione del trauma toracico e indica la necessità di campioni più ampi e criteri di arruolamento più selettivi per rafforzare le evidenze.
TRACTIONS: ThoRAciC Trauma IntubatiON risk Score for blunt trauma. Studio multicentrico osservazionale sull’intubazione nel trauma toracico: analisi preliminare
BALDISSERI, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Thoracic trauma is observed in 60% of polytrauma patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 20%, making it the third most common cause of death in polytrauma cases after abdominal injuries and traumatic brain injury. The high incidence of thoracic trauma highlights the need for patient stratification based on the presence or absence of risk factors that may predict an unfavourable outcome. Study Objective: The primary aim of the TRACTIONS study is to identify early predictors of orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt chest trauma who were not intubated in the pre-hospital setting. The secondary objective includes the assessment of pulmonary lesion progression using the Lung Ultrasound Score. Materials and Methods: TRACTIONS is a national, multicenter, observational, prospective study involving 15 participating centers. It includes patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the Emergency Department with blunt chest trauma, with a documentable thoracic injury (T-AIS ≥2), a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) >8, and no pre-hospital intubation. The recruitment period is from November 2022 to May 2025. Patients are followed for 7 days post-trauma or until discharge. Assessments include 12-zone thoracic ultrasound, daily evaluation of pain, administered analgesia, and oxygen therapy. The onset of adverse outcomes such as the need for intubation/NIV, development of ARDS, or death is also evaluated. Results: The preliminary analysis of data from the TRACTIONS study identified four variables significantly associated with the need for orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt thoracic trauma: systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and the number of rib fractures. The mean LUS score was higher in intubated patients, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Thoracic ultrasound proved to be a useful and versatile tool both in the Emergency Department and during inpatient monitoring, despite limitations related to score standardization and operator dependency. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that easily measurable clinical parameters such as systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and Glasgow Coma Scale score may help in the early identification of patients with thoracic trauma at risk of respiratory deterioration. Integrating these variables into the initial assessment could support a more timely and targeted approach. Although promising, lung evaluation using the LUS score in trauma patients requires further studies and a revision of the scoring system to enhance its predictive reliability. Despite being in its early phase, the TRACTIONS study provides valuable insights into improving thoracic trauma management and highlights the need for larger sample sizes and more selective inclusion criteria to strengthen the evidence base.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87293