In Italy, the low appreciation of research and development in science has hindered the dissemination of a solid scientific culture, contributing to the formation of citizens who are often ill-informed, lacking curiosity and interest in disciplines such as Biology. This critical issue is compounded by the still widespread use of transmissive teaching methodologies, which prove unsuitable for science teaching, making learning uninvolving and scarcely meaningful. This reflection was the starting point for the present research, aimed at pursuing two main objectives: on the one hand, to evaluate the effectiveness of the active and laboratory approach in science teaching in elementary school; on the other, to promote the formation of conscious and responsible citizens, endowed with an ecological mindset. The experiment was conducted in two second-grade elementary school classes, addressing the topic of the marine ecosystem and water pollution. Both sections addressed the same content, but with different teaching approaches: section B (control group) followed a traditional approach, while section A (experimental group) was involved in active-type activities, based on the scientific method and direct inquiry, for a total of 10 hours spread over several meetings. The project was accompanied by an extensive survey: through Google Modules, questionnaires were administered to 176 elementary school science teachers in the Veneto region (Padua, Vicenza, Venice) and to the parents of the pupils involved, in order to collect data on perceptions, the most common methodological practices and openness to environmental education at school. Data analysis revealed remarkable results: although the experimental group reported a lower initial score, they achieved an average of 91.2% correct answers at the end of the course, outperforming the control group (82%). These outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the active approach, highlighting how direct involvement and the concreteness of experiences foster lasting, personal and meaningful learning. In addition, it emerged how the use of simple and readily available materials made it possible to carry out science activities even in the absence of sophisticated instrumentation, making the model replicable in other school settings. The research concludes with a reflection on the crucial role of schools in forming conscious children capable of adopting environmentally sustainable behavior from an early age. The project is thus proposed as a concrete contribution to the renewal of science education, promoting authentically transformative environmental education.
In Italia, la scarsa valorizzazione della ricerca e dello sviluppo in ambito scientifico ha ostacolato la diffusione di una solida cultura scientifica, contribuendo alla formazione di cittadini spesso poco informati, privi di curiosità e di interesse verso discipline come la Biologia. A tale criticità si somma l’impiego, ancora diffuso, di metodologie didattiche trasmissive, che si rivelano inadatte all’insegnamento delle scienze, rendendo l’apprendimento poco coinvolgente e scarsamente significativo. Da questa riflessione ha preso avvio la presente ricerca, volta a perseguire due obiettivi principali: da un lato, valutare l’efficacia dell’approccio attivo e laboratoriale nell’insegnamento delle scienze nella scuola primaria; dall’altro, promuovere la formazione di cittadini consapevoli e responsabili, dotati di una mentalità ecologica. La sperimentazione è stata condotta in due classi seconde di scuola primaria, affrontando il tema dell’ecosistema marino e dell’inquinamento delle acque. Entrambe le sezioni hanno affrontato i medesimi contenuti, ma con approcci didattici differenti: la sezione B (gruppo di controllo) ha seguito un’impostazione tradizionale, mentre la sezione A (gruppo sperimentale) è stata coinvolta in attività di tipo attivo, basate sul metodo scientifico e sull’indagine diretta, per un totale di 10 ore distribuite su più incontri. Il progetto è stato accompagnato da un’indagine estesa: attraverso Google Moduli sono stati somministrati questionari a 176 docenti di scienze della scuola primaria del Veneto (Padova, Vicenza, Venezia) e ai genitori degli alunni coinvolti, al fine di raccogliere dati sulle percezioni, sulle pratiche metodologiche più diffuse e sull’apertura verso l’educazione ambientale a scuola. L’analisi dei dati ha messo in luce risultati di rilievo: sebbene il gruppo sperimentale avesse riportato un punteggio iniziale inferiore, al termine del percorso ha raggiunto una media del 91,2% di risposte corrette, superando il gruppo di controllo (82%). Questi esiti confermano l’efficacia dell’approccio attivo, evidenziando come il coinvolgimento diretto e la concretezza delle esperienze favoriscano un apprendimento duraturo, personale e significativo. Inoltre, è emerso come il ricorso a materiali semplici e facilmente reperibili abbia reso possibile la realizzazione di attività scientifiche anche in assenza di strumentazioni sofisticate, rendendo replicabile il modello in altri contesti scolastici. La ricerca si conclude con una riflessione sul ruolo cruciale della scuola nel formare bambini consapevoli, capaci di adottare comportamenti ecosostenibili sin dalla tenera età. Il progetto si propone dunque come un contributo concreto al rinnovamento della didattica delle scienze, promuovendo un’educazione ambientale autenticamente trasformativa.
Onde di consapevolezza ecologica: rotte educative alla scoperta dell’inquinamento marino. Una sperimentazione didattica nell’ambito dell’educazione ambientale in una classe seconda primaria
DE MARTINI, ANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
In Italy, the low appreciation of research and development in science has hindered the dissemination of a solid scientific culture, contributing to the formation of citizens who are often ill-informed, lacking curiosity and interest in disciplines such as Biology. This critical issue is compounded by the still widespread use of transmissive teaching methodologies, which prove unsuitable for science teaching, making learning uninvolving and scarcely meaningful. This reflection was the starting point for the present research, aimed at pursuing two main objectives: on the one hand, to evaluate the effectiveness of the active and laboratory approach in science teaching in elementary school; on the other, to promote the formation of conscious and responsible citizens, endowed with an ecological mindset. The experiment was conducted in two second-grade elementary school classes, addressing the topic of the marine ecosystem and water pollution. Both sections addressed the same content, but with different teaching approaches: section B (control group) followed a traditional approach, while section A (experimental group) was involved in active-type activities, based on the scientific method and direct inquiry, for a total of 10 hours spread over several meetings. The project was accompanied by an extensive survey: through Google Modules, questionnaires were administered to 176 elementary school science teachers in the Veneto region (Padua, Vicenza, Venice) and to the parents of the pupils involved, in order to collect data on perceptions, the most common methodological practices and openness to environmental education at school. Data analysis revealed remarkable results: although the experimental group reported a lower initial score, they achieved an average of 91.2% correct answers at the end of the course, outperforming the control group (82%). These outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the active approach, highlighting how direct involvement and the concreteness of experiences foster lasting, personal and meaningful learning. In addition, it emerged how the use of simple and readily available materials made it possible to carry out science activities even in the absence of sophisticated instrumentation, making the model replicable in other school settings. The research concludes with a reflection on the crucial role of schools in forming conscious children capable of adopting environmentally sustainable behavior from an early age. The project is thus proposed as a concrete contribution to the renewal of science education, promoting authentically transformative environmental education.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87327