Background: Neurosarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous chronic inflammatory disease. Since the clinical presentation of patients with this disease is superimposable to many other inflammatory diseases of the Central Nervous System, most notably Multiple Sclerosis, differential diagnosis is often very complex and takes an extremely long time to be completed. Aim of the study: Describe the population affected by inflammatory diseases of the Central Nervous System and describe the characteristics of the CSF in inflammatory diseases. Analysing new inflammatory markers such as ACE, IL-2Rs, SAA, IL-6 on CSF and peripheral blood in the examined diseases. Focusing on Neurosarcoidosis, establish a possible correlation between the site of granulomatous lesions in the Central Nervous System and the CSF characteristics found. Materials and methods: The present study is an ambispective, single-centre observational study. It was conducted at the Neuroimmunology outpatient clinic of General Medicine 1 of the Ca' Foncello hospital in Treviso (Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua) and at the Neurology outpatient clinic of the Neurology department of the Ca' Foncello hospital in Treviso. For the purposes of the study, 271 patients were evaluated, of which 49 with Neurosarcoidosis (enrolled between 2017 and 2025), 95 patients with Multiple Sclerosis and 127 patients with other CNS inflammatory diseases, enrolled between 2020 and 2025. Results: The analysis of the CSF data showed that Neurosarcoidosis differed in a statistically significant manner (p=<0.001) from the other disease groups analysed in the CSF concentrations of glucose, protein and leucocytes, and that these are related to each other, given the blood-liquid barrier damage present in a pro-inflammatory environment. Conclusions: The study found that there was a statistically significant difference between the CSF of patients with Neurosarcoidosis, Multiple Sclerosis and other CNS inflammatory diseases based on glucose, protein and leucocyte concentrations. Data obtained from the analysis of the markers ACE, IL2Rs, SAA and IL-6 are insufficient to be statistically analysed but could play a useful role in the differential diagnosis of these diseases in the future. Despite the great potential of CSF analysis exhibited in this study, it was concluded that it is not possible, based on the available data, to define a CSF expression pattern predictive of lesion location in the CNS, lesion load and possible meningeal involvement in patients with Neurosarcoidosis.
Background: La Neurosarcoidosi è una rara patologia infiammatoria cronica su base granulomatosa. Poiché la presentazione clinica dei pazienti affetti da questa patologia è sovrapponibile a molte altre malattie infiammatorie del Sistema Nervoso Centrale, una su tutte la Sclerosi Multipla, la diagnostica differenziale risulta spesso molto complessa e necessita di tempi estremamente lunghi per essere completata. Obiettivo dello studio: Descrivere la popolazione affetta da malattie infiammatorie del Sistema Nervoso Centrale e le loro caratteristiche liquorali. Analizzare i markers infiammatori ACE, IL-2Rs, SAA, IL-6 su liquor e su sangue periferico nelle malattie esaminate. Focalizzandosi sulla Neurosarcoidosi, stabilire una eventuale correlazione tra la sede delle lesioni granulomatose nel Sistema Nervoso Centrale e le caratteristiche liquorali riscontrante. Materiali e metodi: Il presente studio è di tipo osservazionale ambispettico e monocentrico. Esso è stato condotto presso l’ambulatorio di Neuroimmunologia di Medicina Generale 1 dell’ospedale Ca’ Foncello di Treviso (Dipartimento di Medicina – DIMED, Università degli studi di Padova) e presso l’ambulatorio di Neurologia del reparto di Neurologia dell’ospedale Ca’ Foncello di Treviso. Ai fini dello studio sono stati valutati 271 pazienti di cui 49 affetti da Neurosarcoidosi (arruolati nel periodo tra il 2017 e il 2025), 95 pazienti affetti da Sclerosi Multipla e 127 pazienti affetti da altre malattie infiammatorie del SNC, arruolati dal 2020 al 2025. Risultati: Dall’analisi dei dati su liquor è emerso che la Neurosarcoidosi differisce il modo statisticamente significativo (p=<0,001) dagli altri gruppi di patologie analizzati per la concentrazione liquorale di glucosio, proteine e leucociti e che questi siano in relazione tra loro, visto il danno di barriera ematoliquorale presente in un ambiente pro-infiammatorio. Conclusioni: Lo studio ha permesso di constatare la presenza di una differenza statisticamente significativa tra il liquor di pazienti affetti da Neurosarcoidosi, Sclerosi Multipla e altre malattie infiammatorie del SNC sulla base della concentrazione di glucosio, proteine e leucociti. I dati ottenuti dall’analisi dei markers ACE, IL2Rs, SAA e IL-6 sono insufficienti per poter essere analizzati statisticamente ma potrebbero avere un ruolo utile nella diagnostica differenziale tra queste patologie in futuro. Nonostante le grandi potenzialità dell’analisi del liquor esposte in questo studio, si è concluso che non sia possibile, sulla base dei dati a nostra disposizione, definire un pattern di espressione liquorale predittivo della sede delle lesioni nel SNC, del carico lesionale e dell’eventuale coinvolgimento meningeo nei pazienti affetti da Neurosarcoidosi.
Analisi del liquor cefalorachidiano nelle malattie infiammatorie croniche del Sistema Nervoso Centrale: focus su Neurosarcoidosi e Sclerosi Multipla.
MAZZON, GAIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Neurosarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous chronic inflammatory disease. Since the clinical presentation of patients with this disease is superimposable to many other inflammatory diseases of the Central Nervous System, most notably Multiple Sclerosis, differential diagnosis is often very complex and takes an extremely long time to be completed. Aim of the study: Describe the population affected by inflammatory diseases of the Central Nervous System and describe the characteristics of the CSF in inflammatory diseases. Analysing new inflammatory markers such as ACE, IL-2Rs, SAA, IL-6 on CSF and peripheral blood in the examined diseases. Focusing on Neurosarcoidosis, establish a possible correlation between the site of granulomatous lesions in the Central Nervous System and the CSF characteristics found. Materials and methods: The present study is an ambispective, single-centre observational study. It was conducted at the Neuroimmunology outpatient clinic of General Medicine 1 of the Ca' Foncello hospital in Treviso (Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua) and at the Neurology outpatient clinic of the Neurology department of the Ca' Foncello hospital in Treviso. For the purposes of the study, 271 patients were evaluated, of which 49 with Neurosarcoidosis (enrolled between 2017 and 2025), 95 patients with Multiple Sclerosis and 127 patients with other CNS inflammatory diseases, enrolled between 2020 and 2025. Results: The analysis of the CSF data showed that Neurosarcoidosis differed in a statistically significant manner (p=<0.001) from the other disease groups analysed in the CSF concentrations of glucose, protein and leucocytes, and that these are related to each other, given the blood-liquid barrier damage present in a pro-inflammatory environment. Conclusions: The study found that there was a statistically significant difference between the CSF of patients with Neurosarcoidosis, Multiple Sclerosis and other CNS inflammatory diseases based on glucose, protein and leucocyte concentrations. Data obtained from the analysis of the markers ACE, IL2Rs, SAA and IL-6 are insufficient to be statistically analysed but could play a useful role in the differential diagnosis of these diseases in the future. Despite the great potential of CSF analysis exhibited in this study, it was concluded that it is not possible, based on the available data, to define a CSF expression pattern predictive of lesion location in the CNS, lesion load and possible meningeal involvement in patients with Neurosarcoidosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87377