Finland and Sweden’s accession to NATO, undertaken in response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2022, marks a historic shift in the landscape of European security. After decades of strategic neutrality, the two Scandinavian countries chose to abandon their traditional stance of non-alignment, viewing membership in the Atlantic Alliance as a necessary response to the emerging geopolitical order in northeastern Europe. This process of enlargement not only alters regional military balances but also raises broader questions about collective deterrence dynamics and the future of Euro-Russian relations. This thesis aims to analyze the strategic implications of the two countries’ accession, taking into account the role of military alliance theories, the concept of collective security, and the mechanisms of deterrence. Special attention is given to changes in military postures in the Baltic Sea and Arctic regions, areas increasingly exposed to the risk of escalation. The local dimension of this transformation is also examined, with a focus on the Russian-Finnish border and the Nordic-Baltic region, where military presence is rapidly intensifying. In conclusion, the study reflects on the strategic consequences of this enlargement, questioning whether the entry of Helsinki and Stockholm has truly strengthened collective security or, conversely, increased the likelihood of direct military confrontation with Russia.
L’adesione di Finlandia e Svezia alla NATO, avvenuta in risposta all’aggressione russa contro l’Ucraina nel 2022, rappresenta un cambiamento storico nel panorama della sicurezza europea. Dopo decenni di neutralità strategica, i due Paesi scandinavi hanno scelto di abbandonare la tradizionale posizione di non allineamento, percependo l’ingresso nell’Alleanza Atlantica come una misura necessaria di fronte al nuovo ordine geopolitico emergente nell’Europa nord-orientale. Questo processo di allargamento non solo modifica gli equilibri militari regionali, ma solleva interrogativi più ampi sulle dinamiche di deterrenza collettiva e sul futuro delle relazioni euro-russe. La presente tesi si propone di analizzare le implicazioni strategiche dell’adesione dei due Stati, considerando il ruolo delle teorie delle alleanze militari, il concetto di sicurezza collettiva e i meccanismi di deterrenza. Particolare attenzione è rivolta alle trasformazioni nelle posture militari nel Mar Baltico e nell’Artico, aree sempre più esposte al rischio di escalation. Viene inoltre analizzata la dimensione locale dell’impatto, con un focus sul confine russo-finlandese e sulla regione nordico-baltica, dove la militarizzazione è in rapido aumento. In conclusione, il lavoro riflette sul bilancio strategico dell’allargamento, interrogandosi se l’ingresso di Helsinki e Stoccolma abbia rafforzato la sicurezza collettiva o, al contrario, aumentato la probabilità di un confronto militare diretto con la Russia.
L'adesione di Finlandia e Svezia alla NATO: un vantaggio per la sicurezza europea?
CARPENEDO, AURORA
2024/2025
Abstract
Finland and Sweden’s accession to NATO, undertaken in response to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2022, marks a historic shift in the landscape of European security. After decades of strategic neutrality, the two Scandinavian countries chose to abandon their traditional stance of non-alignment, viewing membership in the Atlantic Alliance as a necessary response to the emerging geopolitical order in northeastern Europe. This process of enlargement not only alters regional military balances but also raises broader questions about collective deterrence dynamics and the future of Euro-Russian relations. This thesis aims to analyze the strategic implications of the two countries’ accession, taking into account the role of military alliance theories, the concept of collective security, and the mechanisms of deterrence. Special attention is given to changes in military postures in the Baltic Sea and Arctic regions, areas increasingly exposed to the risk of escalation. The local dimension of this transformation is also examined, with a focus on the Russian-Finnish border and the Nordic-Baltic region, where military presence is rapidly intensifying. In conclusion, the study reflects on the strategic consequences of this enlargement, questioning whether the entry of Helsinki and Stockholm has truly strengthened collective security or, conversely, increased the likelihood of direct military confrontation with Russia.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87428