The first chapter reconstructs the historical roots of the relationship between Romania and Europe, with particular attention to the trauma of the World Wars and the decisive role of the Percentages Agreement, which sanctioned the country's subordination to the USSR and over 40 years of communism. This context is essential for understanding how Romania experienced European integration not only as a political goal but also as a form of historical redemption. The second chapter analyzes the post-communist period, questioning the true nature of the 1989 revolution and the construction of a democratic system convenient for the coup leaders. It examines Romania’s early approaches toward the EU, as well as structural difficulties such as corruption and the disorganized privatizations of the 1990s. The third chapter focuses on the accession negotiations, formally launched in 1995 and concluded in 2004. This section highlights the incompetence and systematic corruption of the political class, Romania’s fortunate geographic position during the Yugoslav wars, the shortcomings of the European bureaucracy, and the facade strategies adopted by the Romanian government to formally meet the criteria by simulating the necessary reforms. The fourth chapter deals with the final phase of the accession process and the period immediately following it, emphasizing the role of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism, the persistence of issues such as corruption, and the resilience of the old elites who often hindered effective Europeanization and brought the country into the Union completely unprepared. Finally, the fifth chapter offers a reflection on contemporary Romania within the EU. It examines the tangible benefits of accession, but also the political and institutional obstacles that still remain. The chapter concludes with a critical assessment of Romania’s integration and some reflections on future prospects. The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research, emphasizing how the Romanian case can be considered emblematic of the limits of European integration.
Il primo capitolo ricostruisce le radici storiche del rapporto tra la Romania e l’Europa, con particolare attenzione al trauma della Guerre Mondiali e al ruolo decisivo degli Accordi delle Percentuali, che sancirono la subordinazione del Paese all’URSS e oltre 40 anni di comunismo. Questo contesto è essenziale per comprendere come la Romania abbia vissuto l’integrazione europea non solo come un obiettivo politico, ma anche come un riscatto storico. Il secondo capitolo analizza il periodo post-comunista, interrogandosi sulla vera natura della rivoluzione del 1989 e sulla costruzione di un sistema democratico conveniente per golpisti. Vengono esaminati i primi approcci della Romania verso l’UE, ma anche le difficoltà strutturali, come la corruzione e le privatizzazioni disordinate degli anni ’90. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sul negoziato di adesione, avviato formalmente nel 1995 e concluso nel 2004. In questa sezione evidenzierò l’incompetenza e la corruzione sistematica della classe politica, la fortuna romena della posizione geografica nel contesto delle guerre iugoslave, le carenze della burocrazia europea e le strategie di facciata adottate dal governo romeno per soddisfare i criteri formali, simulando le riforme necessarie. Il quarto capitolo affronta l’ultima parte del processo di adesione insieme al periodo subito dopo, evidenziando il ruolo del Meccanismo di Cooperazione e Verifica, la persistenza di problematiche come la corruzione e la resilienza delle vecchie élite che hanno spesso frenato un’effettiva europeizzazione e hanno portato il paese nell’unione completamente impreparato. Infine, il quinto capitolo offre una riflessione sulla Romania contemporanea nell’UE. Vengono esaminati i benefici tangibili dell’adesione, ma anche gli ostacoli politici e istituzionali ancora presenti. Il capitolo si chiude con un bilancio critico dell’integrazione romena e alcune riflessioni sulle prospettive future. La conclusione sintetizza i principali risultati della ricerca, sottolineando come il caso romeno possa essere considerato emblematico nei limiti dell’integrazione europea.
La Lunga Strada verso l'Europa:Il Caso Romeno
TANASA, SEBASTIAN-IONUT
2024/2025
Abstract
The first chapter reconstructs the historical roots of the relationship between Romania and Europe, with particular attention to the trauma of the World Wars and the decisive role of the Percentages Agreement, which sanctioned the country's subordination to the USSR and over 40 years of communism. This context is essential for understanding how Romania experienced European integration not only as a political goal but also as a form of historical redemption. The second chapter analyzes the post-communist period, questioning the true nature of the 1989 revolution and the construction of a democratic system convenient for the coup leaders. It examines Romania’s early approaches toward the EU, as well as structural difficulties such as corruption and the disorganized privatizations of the 1990s. The third chapter focuses on the accession negotiations, formally launched in 1995 and concluded in 2004. This section highlights the incompetence and systematic corruption of the political class, Romania’s fortunate geographic position during the Yugoslav wars, the shortcomings of the European bureaucracy, and the facade strategies adopted by the Romanian government to formally meet the criteria by simulating the necessary reforms. The fourth chapter deals with the final phase of the accession process and the period immediately following it, emphasizing the role of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism, the persistence of issues such as corruption, and the resilience of the old elites who often hindered effective Europeanization and brought the country into the Union completely unprepared. Finally, the fifth chapter offers a reflection on contemporary Romania within the EU. It examines the tangible benefits of accession, but also the political and institutional obstacles that still remain. The chapter concludes with a critical assessment of Romania’s integration and some reflections on future prospects. The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research, emphasizing how the Romanian case can be considered emblematic of the limits of European integration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87499