Colletotrichum spp. is a large genus of Ascomycetes causing major economic losses on a wide range of hosts. On grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides have been identified as the aetiological agents of mature grape rot, a bunch rot that appears in pre-harvest in some subtropical climate wine-growing areas of Brazil. In Europe, this disease has not yet been found, but climate change could favour its rapid spread. It is therefore necessary to study which molecular mechanisms regulate vine-pathogen interaction to develop effective disease control strategies. Chitinases, for example, are plant defence proteins that degrade the cell wall chitin of fungal pathogens, compromising the success of infection. In this work, vine chitinases were purified by HPLC and their susceptibility to C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides proteases and the effect on germination and germ tube development of the two fungi were tested. The results obtained show that the proteases produced in vitro by the two pathogens are not able to degrade grape chitinase. Although the chitinase remains intact, it is not able to inhibit the germination of the spores of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. Only a mild inhibitory effect was observed on hyphal elongation of both pathogens. Therefore, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides appear to possess mechanisms of resistance to the action of vine chitinases that may be the subject of future research.
Colletotrichum spp. è un ampio genere di Ascomiceti che causa importanti perdite economiche su una vasta gamma d’ospiti. Su vite (Vitis vinifera L.), alcuni isolati di C. acutatum e C. gloeosporioides sono stati individuati come agenti eziologici del marciume maturo dell’uva, un marciume dei grappoli che compare in preraccolta in alcune aree viticole a clima subtropicle del Brasile. In Europa, questa malattia non si è ancora riscontrata, ma i cambiamenti climatici potrebbero favorirne una rapida diffusione. Occorre pertanto studiare a fondo quali meccanismi molecolari regolano l’interazione vite-patogeno, al fine di sviluppare efficaci strategie di contenimento della malattia. Le chitinasi, ad esempio, sono proteine di difesa della pianta che degradano la chitina della parete cellulare dei patogeni fungini, compromettendo il successo dell’infezione. In questo lavoro, le chitinasi di vite sono state purificate mediante HPLC e se ne è verificata la suscettibilità alle proteasi di C. acutatum e C. gloeoporioides e l’effetto su germinazione e sviluppo dei tubetti germinativi dei due funghi. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che le proteasi prodotte in vitro dai due patogeni non sono in grado di degradare la chitinasi dell’uva. Malgrado la chitinasi rimanga integra, essa non è in grado di inibire la germinazione delle spore di C. acutatum e C. gloeosporioides. Solo un blando effetto inibitorio è stato osservato sull’allungamento delle ife di entrambi i patogeni. Pertanto, C. acutatum e C. gloeosporioides sembrano possedere meccanismi di resistenza all’azione delle chitinasi di vite che potranno essere oggetto di future ricerche.
Purificazione e caratterizzazione di una chitinasi di Vitis vinifera: valutazione della sua efficacia contro i patogeni fungini Colletotrichum acutatum e C. gloeosporioides
CAPPELLOTTO, ALESSANDRO
2024/2025
Abstract
Colletotrichum spp. is a large genus of Ascomycetes causing major economic losses on a wide range of hosts. On grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides have been identified as the aetiological agents of mature grape rot, a bunch rot that appears in pre-harvest in some subtropical climate wine-growing areas of Brazil. In Europe, this disease has not yet been found, but climate change could favour its rapid spread. It is therefore necessary to study which molecular mechanisms regulate vine-pathogen interaction to develop effective disease control strategies. Chitinases, for example, are plant defence proteins that degrade the cell wall chitin of fungal pathogens, compromising the success of infection. In this work, vine chitinases were purified by HPLC and their susceptibility to C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides proteases and the effect on germination and germ tube development of the two fungi were tested. The results obtained show that the proteases produced in vitro by the two pathogens are not able to degrade grape chitinase. Although the chitinase remains intact, it is not able to inhibit the germination of the spores of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. Only a mild inhibitory effect was observed on hyphal elongation of both pathogens. Therefore, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides appear to possess mechanisms of resistance to the action of vine chitinases that may be the subject of future research.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87555