Green infrastructures are considered innovative, sustainable and promising approaches to address the complex environmental challenges of our time. Among them, the issue of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAAs) is particularly relevant. PFAAs are a class of chemicals commonly known for their persistence in the environment, and resistance to conventional treatment processes. In this context, this work of thesis explores the potential use of treatment wetland technology for the treatment of landfill leachates containing PFAAs. Through a double experiment conducted in mesocosm and at full scale, different species of aquatic macrophytes were tested to evaluate their resistance to increasing contamination, as well as their effectiveness in promoting water treatment processes in a horizontal subsurface flow pilot plant. Results demonstrated the significant potential of some aquatic macrophytes to adapt to particularly critical environmental conditions, both in terms of PFAAs, dissolved salts and ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, a high treatment capacity of leachates (mass balance) containing PFAAs was observed, laying the foundations for future developments where this green technology could be well integrated with conventional treatment systems to mitigate PFAAs contamination of environmental matrices.
Le infrastrutture verdi si configurano come approcci innovativi, sostenibili ed estremamente promettenti per affrontare le complesse sfide ambientali che caratterizzano il nostro tempo. Tra di esse, è particolarmente rilevante la problematica della contaminazione da composti per- e poli-fluoroalchilici (PFAAs), una classe di sostanze chimiche notoriamente persistenti nell'ambiente e resistenti ai tradizionali processi di trattamento. In questo contesto, la presente tesi esplora le potenzialità d’uso della fitodepurazione per il trattamento di percolati di discarica contenenti PFAAs. Attraverso un duplice esperimento condotto in mesocosmo e alla scala reale, sono state testate diverse specie di macrofite acquatiche al fine di valutare la resistenza rispetto a contaminazioni crescenti, nonché è stata valutata la loro efficacia nella promozione di processi di depurazione idrica in un impianto pilota a flusso sotto-superficiale orizzontale. I risultati hanno dimostrato le grandi potenzialità di adattamento di alcune macrofite acquatiche a condizioni ambientali particolarmente critiche, sia in termini di contenuto di PFAAs, che di sali disciolti e ammonio. Inoltre, è stata osservata una elevata capacità di trattamento dei percolati (bilancio di massa) contenenti PFAAs, ponendo le basi per sviluppi futuri dove la tecnologia verde testata potrebbe ben integrarsi con tecniche depurative convenzionali per mitigare la contaminazione da PFAAs delle matrici ambientali.
PFAAs nei percolati di discarica: strategie di fitodepurazione e analisi della fitotossicità
ZILIOTTO, ANGELA
2024/2025
Abstract
Green infrastructures are considered innovative, sustainable and promising approaches to address the complex environmental challenges of our time. Among them, the issue of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAAs) is particularly relevant. PFAAs are a class of chemicals commonly known for their persistence in the environment, and resistance to conventional treatment processes. In this context, this work of thesis explores the potential use of treatment wetland technology for the treatment of landfill leachates containing PFAAs. Through a double experiment conducted in mesocosm and at full scale, different species of aquatic macrophytes were tested to evaluate their resistance to increasing contamination, as well as their effectiveness in promoting water treatment processes in a horizontal subsurface flow pilot plant. Results demonstrated the significant potential of some aquatic macrophytes to adapt to particularly critical environmental conditions, both in terms of PFAAs, dissolved salts and ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, a high treatment capacity of leachates (mass balance) containing PFAAs was observed, laying the foundations for future developments where this green technology could be well integrated with conventional treatment systems to mitigate PFAAs contamination of environmental matrices.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87561