Eating Behaviors, Dietary Patterns, and the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescents (12–15 Years Old) in Jordan

Abstract Background: The rising prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity is a major public health issue worldwide and in the Middle East. Recent trends in Jordan reveal a rise in adolescent obesity, partially attributed to changes in eating patterns and lifestyle activities. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Jordanian adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, as well as to investigate related eating behaviors and nutritional patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adolescents recruited from private schools in Amman, Jordan. Anthropometric measurements were used to classify participants based on BMI-for-age z-scores according to WHO growth standards. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA to examine differences in dietary patterns by weight status. Results: Approximately 33% of participants were classified as overweight or obese, with a higher prevalence among males. Overweight/obese adolescents reported significantly higher daily intake of calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, sugar, and sodium compared to their normal-weight peers (p < 0.001). The FFQ analysis revealed that overweight/obese adolescents consumed energy-dense and ultra-processed foods—such as sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, snacks, and processed dairy products—more frequently. Despite also reporting higher intake of certain fruits and vegetables, this pattern likely reflected higher overall food consumption rather than improved diet quality. Conclusion: Findings highlight a concerning prevalence of overweight and obesity among Jordanian adolescents and its association with unhealthy dietary behaviors. Public health strategies should target ultra-processed food consumption, promote balanced eating, and integrate school-based nutrition education and policy interventions. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended to inform national obesity prevention efforts.