The study of verbal humor reveals the complex relationship between language, cognition, logic, and emotion. Moreover, since language is intimately linked to the culture of those who use it, accounting for the mechanisms of humor can also further the understanding of its specific cultural adaptations. However, among the many studies on humor, most focus on a single language, while comparative ones focus mainly on English compared to other languages. This study examines the semantic and pragmatic humor mechanisms of 50 Italian and as many Chinese verbal jokes from famous magazines. The mechanisms were identified through a qualitative analysis that, starting from a repeated reading of the texts and an initial subjective interpretation of them, subsequently supplemented the intuitive observation with concepts and principles derived from major linguistic theories. The humor mechanisms identified are as follows: Wordplay; Analogy; Exaggeration; Script incongruity (with the subtypes Script reversal and Script opposition); Frame incongruity; Suboptimal relevance; Implicature; Absurdity/Illogicality/Paradox; Unshared background knowledge; Counterpunch; Combination (Violation of the cooperative principle and Script reversal; Implicit context evocation and Script reversal; Logical implication and Counterpunch) and Other. The analysis revealed that both Italian and Chinese jokes primarily activate humor through a single mechanism (89% of cases); that most of the identified humor mechanisms (9 out of 12) are shared between the two languages; that their distribution values are very similar across the two corpora; that the most frequently used mechanism in both corpora is Script reversal; and that three mechanisms, namely Frame incongruity, Unshared background knowledge, and Counterpunch appear only in the Chinese corpus, while no distinctive mechanisms appear in Italian. The present study shows that, in both corpora, the pragmatic mechanisms of humor activation are more varied and numerous than the semantic ones, and that they are largely overlapping in type and frequency of use in the two languages.
Lo studio dell'umorismo verbale rivela la complessa relazione che intercorre tra linguaggio, cognizione, logica ed emozione. Inoltre, dato che il linguaggio è intimamente legato alla cultura di chi ne fa uso, rendere conto dei meccanismi dell’umorismo può favorire anche la comprensione dei suoi specifici adattamenti culturali. Tuttavia, tra i molti studi sull'umorismo, la maggior parte si concentra su una singola lingua, mentre quelli comparativi si focalizzano principalmente sull’inglese confrontato ad altre lingue. Questo studio esamina i meccanismi umoristici semantici e pragmatici di 50 barzellette verbali italiane e altrettante cinesi tratte da riviste famose. I meccanismi sono stati individuati attraverso un'analisi qualitativa che, partendo da una lettura ripetuta dei testi e da una prima loro interpretazione soggettiva, ha successivamente integrato l'osservazione intuitiva con concetti e princìpi tratte dalle principali teorie linguistiche. I meccanismi umoristici individuati sono i seguenti: Gioco di parole; Analogia; Esagerazione; Incongruenza del copione (con i sotto-tipi Stravolgimento del copione e Opposizione di copioni); Incongruenza della cornice; Pertinenza non ottimale; Implicatura; Assurdità/Illogicità/Paradosso; Conoscenze di sfondo non condivise; Controbattuta; Combinazione (Violazione del principio cooperativo e Stravolgimento del copione; Evocazione implicita del contesto e Stravolgimento del copione; Implicazione logica e Controbattuta) e Altro. L'analisi ha rivelato che sia le barzellette italiane che quelle cinesi attivano l'umorismo principalmente attraverso un unico meccanismo (89% dei casi); che la maggior parte dei meccanismi umoristici individuati (9 su 12) sono condivisi tra delle due lingue; che i valori della loro dispersione sono molto simili tra i due corpora; che il meccanismo usato più frequentemente nei due corpora è Stravolgimento del copione; e che tre meccanismi, cioè Incongruenza della cornice, Conoscenze di sfondo non condivise e Controbattuta compaiono solo nel corpus cinese, mentre in italiano non compaiono meccanismi distintivi. Il presente studio mostra che, nei due corpora, i meccanismi pragmatici di attivazione dell'umorismo sono più vari e numerosi di quelli semantici, e che sono in gran parte sovrapponibili, per tipologia e frequenza d'uso, nelle due lingue.
Meccanismi semantici e pragmatici dell'umorismo verbale in periodici di intrattenimento popolare: un'analisi comparativa di barzellette italiane e cinesi
SUN, HUILIN
2024/2025
Abstract
The study of verbal humor reveals the complex relationship between language, cognition, logic, and emotion. Moreover, since language is intimately linked to the culture of those who use it, accounting for the mechanisms of humor can also further the understanding of its specific cultural adaptations. However, among the many studies on humor, most focus on a single language, while comparative ones focus mainly on English compared to other languages. This study examines the semantic and pragmatic humor mechanisms of 50 Italian and as many Chinese verbal jokes from famous magazines. The mechanisms were identified through a qualitative analysis that, starting from a repeated reading of the texts and an initial subjective interpretation of them, subsequently supplemented the intuitive observation with concepts and principles derived from major linguistic theories. The humor mechanisms identified are as follows: Wordplay; Analogy; Exaggeration; Script incongruity (with the subtypes Script reversal and Script opposition); Frame incongruity; Suboptimal relevance; Implicature; Absurdity/Illogicality/Paradox; Unshared background knowledge; Counterpunch; Combination (Violation of the cooperative principle and Script reversal; Implicit context evocation and Script reversal; Logical implication and Counterpunch) and Other. The analysis revealed that both Italian and Chinese jokes primarily activate humor through a single mechanism (89% of cases); that most of the identified humor mechanisms (9 out of 12) are shared between the two languages; that their distribution values are very similar across the two corpora; that the most frequently used mechanism in both corpora is Script reversal; and that three mechanisms, namely Frame incongruity, Unshared background knowledge, and Counterpunch appear only in the Chinese corpus, while no distinctive mechanisms appear in Italian. The present study shows that, in both corpora, the pragmatic mechanisms of humor activation are more varied and numerous than the semantic ones, and that they are largely overlapping in type and frequency of use in the two languages.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88078