One of the most widely replicated findings in cognitive psychology is the existence of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). This finding suggests that numbers are mentally represented through spatial formats (Fischer & Shaki, 2014). The hypothesis is that smaller numbers are processed more efficiently when responses are executed in the left space, whereas larger numbers are processed more efficiently when responses are executed in the right space (Dehaene et al., 1993). This effect is called SNARC (Spatial-numerical Associations of Response Codes; Dehaene et al., 1993). Aleotti et al. (2020) suggested the existence of three independent and equally strong SNAs, one for each axis (horizontal, vertical and sagittal). Specifically, small numbers were found to be associated with the left, down, or near sides of space, whereas large numbers were found to be associated with the right, up, or far sides of space. Furthermore, Aleotti et al. (2022) proposed that SNAs elicited along the three Cartesian axes, when combined, can interact with each other. More precisely, small numbers are processed faster by responses executed, simultaneously, in the left, low, and near space. In contrast, large numbers are processed faster through responses executed, simultaneously, in the right, upper, and far space. Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) used spatially lateralized responses. Therefore, from the results of Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) it is impossible to disentangle whether the interaction among multiple SNAs arises only at the response selection level or also at the semantic one. In a recent pre-registered study (Dapor et al., in preparation), it was investigated whether the three Cartesian axes can also interact at the semantic level by lateralizing the position of the target numbers on the screen, but keeping the response button fixed in the central position (i.e. not lateralized). The participants' task consisted in judging the parity of Arabic numbers presented in different spatial positions within a simulated three-dimensional environment, as quickly as possible, by pressing a single central button. The present study aims to verify the results obtained in the study by Dapor et al. (preprint) but thorough the study of SNAs in an immersive reality environment.
Uno dei risultati più ampiamente replicati in psicologia cognitiva è l'esistenza di associazioni spazio-numeriche (SNA). Questa scoperta suggerisce che i numeri sono rappresentati mentalmente attraverso formati spaziali (Fischer & Shaki, 2014). È stato ipotizzato che i numeri piccoli vengono elaborati più velocemente con risposte eseguite nello spazio sinistro, mentre i numeri grandi vengono elaborati più velocemente con risposte eseguite nello spazio destro (Dehaene et al., 1993). Questo effetto è stato denominato SNARC (Spatial-numerical Associations of Response Codes; Dehaene et al., 1993). Aleotti et al. (2020) hanno suggerito l'esistenza di tre SNA indipendenti e ugualmente forti, una per ciascun asse (orizzontale, verticale e sagittale). In particolare, i numeri piccoli sono stati associati ai lati sinistro, basso o vicino dello spazio, mentre i numeri grandi sono stati associati ai lati destro, alto o lontano dello spazio. Inoltre, Aleotti et al. (2022) hanno proposto che gli SNA elicitati lungo i tre assi cartesiani, se combinati, possono interagire tra loro. Più precisamente, i numeri piccoli vengono elaborati più velocemente tramite risposte eseguite, simultaneamente, nello spazio sinistro, basso e vicino. Al contrario, i numeri grandi vengono elaborati più velocemente tramite risposte eseguite, simultaneamente, nello spazio destro, alto e lontano. Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) hanno utilizzato risposte spazialmente lateralizzate. Per questo motivo dai risultati di Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) non è possibile distinguere se l'interazione tra più SNA avvenga solo a livello di selezione della risposta o anche a livello semantico. In un recente studio pre-registrato (Dapor et al., in preparazione) è stato indagato se i tre assi cartesiani possono interagire anche a livello semantico, lateralizzando la posizione dei numeri target sullo schermo, ma mantenendo il pulsante di risposta fisso in posizione centrale (cioè non lateralizzato). Il compito dei partecipanti consisteva nel giudicare il più rapidamente possibile, premendo un unico tasto centrale, la parità di numeri arabi presentati in diverse posizioni spaziali all’interno di un ambiente tridimensionale simulato. Il presente studio vuole verificare i risultati ottenuti nello studio di Dapor et al. (in preparazione) ma indagando le SNA in un ambiente di realtà immersiva.
Associazioni spazio-numeriche (SNA) in un ambiente di realtà immersiva
VALENTE, GRETA
2024/2025
Abstract
One of the most widely replicated findings in cognitive psychology is the existence of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). This finding suggests that numbers are mentally represented through spatial formats (Fischer & Shaki, 2014). The hypothesis is that smaller numbers are processed more efficiently when responses are executed in the left space, whereas larger numbers are processed more efficiently when responses are executed in the right space (Dehaene et al., 1993). This effect is called SNARC (Spatial-numerical Associations of Response Codes; Dehaene et al., 1993). Aleotti et al. (2020) suggested the existence of three independent and equally strong SNAs, one for each axis (horizontal, vertical and sagittal). Specifically, small numbers were found to be associated with the left, down, or near sides of space, whereas large numbers were found to be associated with the right, up, or far sides of space. Furthermore, Aleotti et al. (2022) proposed that SNAs elicited along the three Cartesian axes, when combined, can interact with each other. More precisely, small numbers are processed faster by responses executed, simultaneously, in the left, low, and near space. In contrast, large numbers are processed faster through responses executed, simultaneously, in the right, upper, and far space. Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) used spatially lateralized responses. Therefore, from the results of Aleotti et al. (2020, 2023) it is impossible to disentangle whether the interaction among multiple SNAs arises only at the response selection level or also at the semantic one. In a recent pre-registered study (Dapor et al., in preparation), it was investigated whether the three Cartesian axes can also interact at the semantic level by lateralizing the position of the target numbers on the screen, but keeping the response button fixed in the central position (i.e. not lateralized). The participants' task consisted in judging the parity of Arabic numbers presented in different spatial positions within a simulated three-dimensional environment, as quickly as possible, by pressing a single central button. The present study aims to verify the results obtained in the study by Dapor et al. (preprint) but thorough the study of SNAs in an immersive reality environment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88089