Enhancing Food Supply Chain Sustainability Through Traceability

Traceability in international food supply chains is critical for ensuring food safety, regulatory compliance, and consumer trust. This research explores recent technological advancements and implementation strategies that enhance traceability across global food systems. It focuses on the roles of Blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), and Industry 4.0 technologies in enabling real-time data exchange, transparency, and tamper-proof recordkeeping. Though these innovations offer significant benefits, their implementation is often hindered by socioeconomic disparities, organizational resistance, high adoption costs, and challenges in system interoperability. Drawing on academic literature, industry case studies, and legal frameworks, this research identifies key limitations of current traceability systems and highlights best practices for effective adoption. It will investigate how improved resource efficiency and lower environmental impact can yield more sustainable supply chain operations. The thesis requires to implement a number of challenges such as supply chain complexity, organization preparedness, and stakeholder involvement. Lastly, it promotes scalable, comprehensive, all-ranging traceable solutions designed to support strong and sustainable food supply chains. The findings offer insight into emerging directions, main success criteria, and developing trends related to food traceability systems for legislators, practitioners, and scholars.