The Aeolian Archipelago, with a prevalence around Filicudi, hosts a small population of Tursiops truncatus that exhibits the typical fission - fusion social structure and shows a high degree of site fidelity. However, within the home range, specific locations can be distinguished on a small scale that are preferentially chosen for certain activities, also in relation to the physiographic characteristics of the area. The Archipelago is highly anthropized, and the surrounding waters are extensively exploited by local artisanal fishing using various types of nets, especially trammel nets. This aspect has a significant impact on the ecological balance of the bottlenose dolphin, as it increases competition for fish resources, exacerbates anthropogenic disturbance, and accentuates habitat degradation, also changing the natural distribution of prey. This has significant ecological and behavioral consequences for the population, which can be identified with the adoption of opportunistic foraging methods, which, however, expose the animals to serious risks of bycatch and injury.
L’Arcipelago delle Isole Eolie, con una prevalenza attorno a Filicudi, ospita una piccola popolazione di Tursiops truncatus che presenta la tipica struttura sociale fission - fusion e che mostra un alto grado di fedeltà al sito. Tuttavia all’interno dell’home range sono distinguibili su piccola scala specifiche località scelte preferenzialmente per determinate attività, anche in relazione alle caratteristiche fisiografiche dell’area. L’Arcipelago è altamente antropizzato, e le acque che lo circondano sono ampiamente sfruttate dalla pesca artigianale locale mediante varie tipologie di reti tra le quali spiccano quelle da posta del tipo del tramaglio. Tale aspetto impatta fortemente sugli equilibri ecologici del tursiope, poiché incrementa la competizione per le risorse ittiche, acuisce il disturbo antropico, e accentua la degradazione dell’habitat modificando anche la naturale distribuzione delle prede. Questo provoca importanti conseguenze ecologiche e comportamentali nella popolazione, che possono essere identificate con l’adozione di modalità di foraggiamento opportunistico dalle reti stesse, che però espongono gli animali a seri rischi di bycatch e lesioni.
Tursiops truncatus: ecologia, struttura sociale e interferenza antropica nella popolazione dell'Arcipelago delle Isole Eolie.
GIGLIO, NANCY
2024/2025
Abstract
The Aeolian Archipelago, with a prevalence around Filicudi, hosts a small population of Tursiops truncatus that exhibits the typical fission - fusion social structure and shows a high degree of site fidelity. However, within the home range, specific locations can be distinguished on a small scale that are preferentially chosen for certain activities, also in relation to the physiographic characteristics of the area. The Archipelago is highly anthropized, and the surrounding waters are extensively exploited by local artisanal fishing using various types of nets, especially trammel nets. This aspect has a significant impact on the ecological balance of the bottlenose dolphin, as it increases competition for fish resources, exacerbates anthropogenic disturbance, and accentuates habitat degradation, also changing the natural distribution of prey. This has significant ecological and behavioral consequences for the population, which can be identified with the adoption of opportunistic foraging methods, which, however, expose the animals to serious risks of bycatch and injury.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89056