Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a virus that infects marine bivalves and caused mass mortality events in many geographical regions of the world. This thesis aims to give an overview about this virus, mainly focusing on its impact on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas, a species that represents one of most important resources for the global aquaculture economy. OsHV-1 is described from a taxonomic, structural and genomic point of view, also considering OsHV-1 variants and similar viruses that affect different hosts. A particular focus goes on OsHV-1 µVar, a microvariant that has been deemed to be the main cause behind severe mass mortality in oyster juveniles in various areas of the world. Biotic and abiotic factors that influence host susceptibility are also considered, to highlight the complex interactions between environment, host species and viruses. Diagnosis techniques are discussed along with current prevention and mitigation strategies, giving special attention to farming practices and techniques that will play a central role in the future and thus need to be further explored. Works from various authors have been used to give an effective overview on this topic, to emphasize the threat that OsHV-1 represents to the oyster farm economy and to stress the urgency of developing effective and sustainable management tools.
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) è un virus che infettando i bivalvi marini ha causato mortalità massive in varie regioni geografiche del mondo. Questa tesi si propone di fornire una descrizione generale di questo virus e dell’impatto che esso ha avuto sull’ostrica del Pacifico Magallana gigas, un mollusco bivalve di acquacoltura che costituisce una delle più importanti risorse per l’economia mondiale. La tesi parte da una descrizione tassonomica, strutturale e genomica dell’OsHV-1 e delle sue varianti, richiamando anche virus simili che infettano altri ospiti. Un’attenzione particolare è rivolta a OsHV-1 µVar, una microvariante che è considerata la causa principale della grave mortalità che colpisce le forme giovanili delle ostriche in diverse aree del mondo. Vengono riportati vari fattori biotici e abiotici che influenzano la suscettibilità dell’ospite e mettono in evidenza le complesse interazioni che si instaurano tra ambiente, le specie ospite e i virus. Vengono inoltre discusse tecniche di diagnosi e possibili strategie di prevenzione e mitigazione, con particolare attenzione alle pratiche e tecniche più promettenti e che pertanto necessitano di ulteriori studi e approfondimenti. Sono stati utilizzati lavori di diversi autori per fornire un quadro generale efficace su questo argomento, per far capire la minaccia che OsHV-1 rappresenta per gli allevamenti di ostriche e per sottolineare l’urgenza di sviluppare strumenti di gestione efficaci e sostenibili.
The case study of OsHV-1, a herpesvirus infecting marine bivalves
LAZZARI, GIACOMO
2024/2025
Abstract
Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a virus that infects marine bivalves and caused mass mortality events in many geographical regions of the world. This thesis aims to give an overview about this virus, mainly focusing on its impact on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas, a species that represents one of most important resources for the global aquaculture economy. OsHV-1 is described from a taxonomic, structural and genomic point of view, also considering OsHV-1 variants and similar viruses that affect different hosts. A particular focus goes on OsHV-1 µVar, a microvariant that has been deemed to be the main cause behind severe mass mortality in oyster juveniles in various areas of the world. Biotic and abiotic factors that influence host susceptibility are also considered, to highlight the complex interactions between environment, host species and viruses. Diagnosis techniques are discussed along with current prevention and mitigation strategies, giving special attention to farming practices and techniques that will play a central role in the future and thus need to be further explored. Works from various authors have been used to give an effective overview on this topic, to emphasize the threat that OsHV-1 represents to the oyster farm economy and to stress the urgency of developing effective and sustainable management tools.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89058