In recent years, there has been a significant increase in global attention to a more conscious and sustainable use of agroecosystems that supports biodiversity and ecosystem services. Permanent crops, such as vineyards, could maintain a high level of biodiversity compared to annual crops, due to their greater stability and less disturbance. However, vineyards continue to represent one of the most pesticide-dependent agroecosystems in Europe. Among the strategies proposed to mitigate the impacts of intensive management is the conversion to organic farming, considered a promising practice for the conservation of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem functions. However, while conventional agriculture is characterized by the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, organic systems can also include mechanical soil processing and the use of non-synthetic substances that can also have negative effects on biodiversity. This study, carried out in October 2024 in 14 vineyards located in the Euganean Hills Regional Park and the Berici Hills Natural Park in Veneto, Italy, aims to investigate the coverage and diversity of herbaceous species and the abundance of different invertebrate taxa between conventional and organic systems. A first analysis concerns the spontaneous vegetation between and between the rows of organic and conventional vineyards. Of these, the height and percentage cover of the soil were investigated, in addition to a survey on the richness of species. Our results highlighted a greater height and vegetation cover in organic vineyards, with an average height of 24.5 cm and coverage of 92.2%. For conventionally managed vineyards the percentage of bare soil not covered by vegetation, on average 20.3%, is significantly higher. A second analysis focuses instead on the soil invertebrate community, in particular: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Arachnida, Collembola, Isopoda, Dermaptera, Helicidae, Limacidae, Lumbricidae. The specimens were collected using pitfall traps and their average abundance was evaluated in each trap placed in organic and conventional vineyards. The results show significant differences for the class Diplopoda and the order Isopoda, with a higher abundance in organic vineyards. A tendency towards a higher presence of staphylinids in organic was also found. Ultimately, the results of this study show that organic management can have a positive effect on the vegetation cover of the vineyard and on some groups of detritivorous and predatory invertebrates. On the contrary, many groups of invertebrates examined were not affected by management practices. These results are consistent with a large literature on vineyard management that finds often contrasting, highly variable and taxon-specific effects. However, to validate and deepen the results of this study, it would be necessary to replicate the samplings in spring/summer and analyze the species diversity in the two types of vineyards.
Negli ultimi anni è aumentata notevolmente l’attenzione globale ad un utilizzo più consapevole e sostenibile degli agroecosistemi che supporti la biodiversità e i servizi ecosistemici. Le colture permanenti, come i vigneti, potrebbero mantenere un’elevata biodiversità rispetto alle colture annuali, per via della maggiore stabilità e del minore disturbo. Tuttavia, i vigneti continuano a rappresentare uno degli agroecosistemi più dipendenti dai pesticidi in Europa. Tra le strategie proposte per mitigare gli impatti della gestione intensiva vi è la conversione all’agricoltura biologica, considerata una pratica promettente per la conservazione della biodiversità e il mantenimento delle funzioni ecosistemiche. Tuttavia, se da un lato l’agricoltura convenzionale si caratterizza per l’uso di fitofarmaci chimici e fertilizzanti di sintesi, dall’altro anche i sistemi biologici possono includere lavorazioni meccaniche del suolo e l’impiego di sostanze non sintetiche che possono anch’esse avere effetti negativi sulla biodiversità. Questo studio, svolto nell’ottobre 2024 in 14 vigneti situati nel Parco Regionale dei Colli Euganei e nel Parco Naturale dei Colli Berici in Veneto, Italia, ha l’obiettivo di indagare la copertura e diversità di specie erbacee e l’abbondanza di diversi taxa di invertebrati tra i sistemi convenzionali e biologici. Una prima analisi riguarda la vegetazione spontanea tra i filari e interfilari dei vigneti biologici e convenzionali. Di queste è stata indagata l’altezza e la copertura percentuale del suolo, oltre ad un’indagine sulla ricchezza di specie. I nostri risultati hanno evidenziato una altezza e copertura vegetazionale maggiore in vigneti biologici, con altezza media di 24.5 cm e copertura di 92.2%. Per i vigneti a gestione convenzionale la percentuale di suolo nudo non coperto vegetativamente, in media il 20.3%, è notevolmente superiore. Una seconda analisi si focalizza invece sulla comunità di invertebrati del suolo, in particolare: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Arachnida, Collembola, Isopoda, Dermaptera, Helicidae, Limacidae, Lumbricidae. Gli esemplari sono stati prelevati tramite trappole a caduta e ne è stata valutata l’abbondanza media in ogni trappola collocata in vigneti biologici e convenzionali. I risultati mostrano differenze significative per la classe Diplopoda e l’ordine Isopoda, con un’abbondanza maggiore in vigneti biologici. È stata riscontrata inoltre una tendenza ad una maggior presenza di stafilinidi nel biologico. In definitiva, i risultati di questo studio mostrano che la gestione biologica può avere un effetto positivo sulla copertura vegetazionale del vigneto e su alcuni gruppi di invertebrati detritivori e predatori. Al contrario, molti gruppi di invertebrati esaminati non sono risultati essere influenzati dalle pratiche di gestione. Questi risultati concordano con una ampia letteratura sulla gestione in vigneto che riscontra effetti spesso contrastanti, molto variabili e taxon-specifici. Tuttavia, per validare e approfondire i risultati di questo studio, sarebbe necessario replicare i campionamenti in primavera/estate e analizzare la diversità di specie nelle due tipologie di vigneto.
Effetto della gestione biologica e convenzionale su invertebrati del suolo e piante vascolari in vigneto
COMARIN, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in global attention to a more conscious and sustainable use of agroecosystems that supports biodiversity and ecosystem services. Permanent crops, such as vineyards, could maintain a high level of biodiversity compared to annual crops, due to their greater stability and less disturbance. However, vineyards continue to represent one of the most pesticide-dependent agroecosystems in Europe. Among the strategies proposed to mitigate the impacts of intensive management is the conversion to organic farming, considered a promising practice for the conservation of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem functions. However, while conventional agriculture is characterized by the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, organic systems can also include mechanical soil processing and the use of non-synthetic substances that can also have negative effects on biodiversity. This study, carried out in October 2024 in 14 vineyards located in the Euganean Hills Regional Park and the Berici Hills Natural Park in Veneto, Italy, aims to investigate the coverage and diversity of herbaceous species and the abundance of different invertebrate taxa between conventional and organic systems. A first analysis concerns the spontaneous vegetation between and between the rows of organic and conventional vineyards. Of these, the height and percentage cover of the soil were investigated, in addition to a survey on the richness of species. Our results highlighted a greater height and vegetation cover in organic vineyards, with an average height of 24.5 cm and coverage of 92.2%. For conventionally managed vineyards the percentage of bare soil not covered by vegetation, on average 20.3%, is significantly higher. A second analysis focuses instead on the soil invertebrate community, in particular: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Arachnida, Collembola, Isopoda, Dermaptera, Helicidae, Limacidae, Lumbricidae. The specimens were collected using pitfall traps and their average abundance was evaluated in each trap placed in organic and conventional vineyards. The results show significant differences for the class Diplopoda and the order Isopoda, with a higher abundance in organic vineyards. A tendency towards a higher presence of staphylinids in organic was also found. Ultimately, the results of this study show that organic management can have a positive effect on the vegetation cover of the vineyard and on some groups of detritivorous and predatory invertebrates. On the contrary, many groups of invertebrates examined were not affected by management practices. These results are consistent with a large literature on vineyard management that finds often contrasting, highly variable and taxon-specific effects. However, to validate and deepen the results of this study, it would be necessary to replicate the samplings in spring/summer and analyze the species diversity in the two types of vineyards.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Comarin_Alessia.pdf.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.66 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.66 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89074