Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the main concerns in veal calf production as it decreases animal health and wellbeing, reduces growth and productivity, and increases economic losses. BRD diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of sensitivity of clinical examinations. Lung ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for BRD detection at an earlier stage. The integration of lung ultrasonography into routine veterinary practice may lead to timely intervention, thereby reducing the usage of antimicrobials and minimizing treatment delays and failures. Furthermore, it can enhance BRD management as regards treatment protocols decisions, monitor the effectiveness of therapies, and improve animal welfare and productivity. The present trial aimed to assess the evolution of BRD in veal calves through clinical evaluations and ultrasonographic imaging over the course of a production cycle. Additionally, it sought to investigate the healing process of lung lesions after the administration of a single dose of a fixed combination of florfenicol and meloxicam. In this study, ninety-six veal calves, all belonging to the same stall situated in Veneto region (Italy) were evaluated weekly with both clinical assessment and lung ultrasound examinations until the end of the production cycle. Thirty-six calves had clinical signs and present abnormal lung ultrasound images (TRT, n = 36) and were timely treated with florfenicol and meloxicam. Healthy veal calves that did not show clinical signs nor lung ultrasonographic lesions were enrolled in the control group (CTR, n = 48), while 12 calves were excluded by the study. Data from clinical (Wisconsin and California scores), ultrasound and lung lesion scores, total lung consolidation area were monitored over the time and treatment rates (success, relapse, mortality), average daily gain (ADG), carcass quality, and gross lesions of lungs at slaughterhouse were collected. Results showed that the majority of the treatments (91,7%) were performed between 3 and 28 days after arrival. Lung ultrasonography allowed to detect lung lesions five days before clinical manifestation and a prompt treatment was able to reduce lung lesions within 5 days in almost all animals without relapse (97.1% success rate in 45 days and 94.9% overall success rate without relapse). At the end of the production cycle, treated and healthy animals did not present any difference in growth and performance at the slaughterhouse. These results suggest that early diagnosis of BRD, followed by timely and effective treatment with a fixed combination of florfenicol and meloxicam appears to offer several significant health benefits by improving animal well-being and BRD management strategies in veal calf production.
La malattia respiratoria del bovino (BRD) rappresenta una delle principali patologie dell’allevamento del vitello a carne bianca, che compromette la salute e la produttività degli animali e comporta cospicue perdite economiche. Spesso la diagnosi di BRD è tardiva a causa della scarsa sensibilità della valutazione clinica, comportando ritardi nel trattamento e aumenti nell’utilizzo degli antimicrobici. L’introduzione dell’ecografia polmonare potrebbe facilitare una diagnosi precoce di BRD e migliorare l’impostazione di protocolli terapeutici efficaci. L’obiettivo dello studio è quello di monitorare l’evoluzione della BRD durante l’intero ciclo produttivo attraverso una valutazione sia clinica che ecografica e seguire la regressione delle lesioni polmonari dopo una singola somministrazione di una combinazione fissa di florfenicolo e meloxicam. La prova ha coinvolto una partita di 96 vitelli a carne bianca di un unico allevamento situato in Veneto (Italia). Settimanalmente sono stati eseguiti un esame clinico e un’ecografia polmonare su tutti gli animali. Di questi, 36 vitelli mostravano segni clinici riconducibili alla malattia e alterazioni ecografiche del parenchima polmonare (TRT, n=36), quindi sono stati immediatamente trattati. I vitelli sani sono stati reclutati nel gruppo controllo (CTR, n=48), mentre 12 vitelli sono stati esclusi dallo studio. Sono stati raccolti i dati sia degli score clinici, basandosi sul Wisconsin e sul California scoring systems, che ultrasonografici e sono state analizzate le diverse tipologie di lesioni e l’area totale di consolidamento polmonare. Sono stati poi valutati i successi terapeutici (guarigione, ricaduta, mortalità), gli incrementi ponderali medi giornalieri (ADG), la qualità della carcassa (classificazione S-EUROP e qualità del grasso) e le lesioni macroscopiche anatomopatologiche dei polmoni al macello. I risultati hanno rivelato che la maggior parte dei trattamenti (91,7%) è stata effettuata tra i giorni 3 e 28 dall’arrivo dei vitelli nello stabilimento. L’ecografia polmonare ha permesso di indentificare le lesioni polmonari con 5 giorni di anticipo rispetto alla manifestazione clinica. A seguito del trattamento, le lesioni polmonari sono regredite entro 5 giorni e il successo terapeutico è stato raggiunto nella maggior parte degli animali senza che vi siano state ricadute (97,1% di guarigione a 45 giorni e 94.9% a fine ciclo senza ricadute). Inoltre, alla fine della prova non sono state evidenziate differenze significative in termini di peso e qualità della carcassa tra gli animali del gruppo trattamento e quelli del gruppo controllo. Questi risultati suggeriscono come un trattamento tempestivo con una combinazione fissa di florfenicolo e meloxicam possa comportare notevoli benefici per la salute dei vitelli.
Ecografia Polmonare come strumento per la diagnosi precoce della Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) nei Vitelli a Carne Bianca e valutazione del seguente trattamento terapeutico con singola dose di Florfenicolo e Meloxicam
ROVIARO, FRANCESCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the main concerns in veal calf production as it decreases animal health and wellbeing, reduces growth and productivity, and increases economic losses. BRD diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of sensitivity of clinical examinations. Lung ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for BRD detection at an earlier stage. The integration of lung ultrasonography into routine veterinary practice may lead to timely intervention, thereby reducing the usage of antimicrobials and minimizing treatment delays and failures. Furthermore, it can enhance BRD management as regards treatment protocols decisions, monitor the effectiveness of therapies, and improve animal welfare and productivity. The present trial aimed to assess the evolution of BRD in veal calves through clinical evaluations and ultrasonographic imaging over the course of a production cycle. Additionally, it sought to investigate the healing process of lung lesions after the administration of a single dose of a fixed combination of florfenicol and meloxicam. In this study, ninety-six veal calves, all belonging to the same stall situated in Veneto region (Italy) were evaluated weekly with both clinical assessment and lung ultrasound examinations until the end of the production cycle. Thirty-six calves had clinical signs and present abnormal lung ultrasound images (TRT, n = 36) and were timely treated with florfenicol and meloxicam. Healthy veal calves that did not show clinical signs nor lung ultrasonographic lesions were enrolled in the control group (CTR, n = 48), while 12 calves were excluded by the study. Data from clinical (Wisconsin and California scores), ultrasound and lung lesion scores, total lung consolidation area were monitored over the time and treatment rates (success, relapse, mortality), average daily gain (ADG), carcass quality, and gross lesions of lungs at slaughterhouse were collected. Results showed that the majority of the treatments (91,7%) were performed between 3 and 28 days after arrival. Lung ultrasonography allowed to detect lung lesions five days before clinical manifestation and a prompt treatment was able to reduce lung lesions within 5 days in almost all animals without relapse (97.1% success rate in 45 days and 94.9% overall success rate without relapse). At the end of the production cycle, treated and healthy animals did not present any difference in growth and performance at the slaughterhouse. These results suggest that early diagnosis of BRD, followed by timely and effective treatment with a fixed combination of florfenicol and meloxicam appears to offer several significant health benefits by improving animal well-being and BRD management strategies in veal calf production.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89127