Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that, along with Crohn’s disease, belongs to the group of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). UC primarily affects individuals between the ages of 15 and 30, typically involving the rectum and, in some cases, the entire colon. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial: genetic predisposition (with loci associated with the HLA region) combines with environmental factors such as diet, hygiene, antibiotic use, and urban lifestyle. Aberrant immune responses and alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis), characterized by a loss of beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory species, also contribute to disease development. This thesis aims to investigate the role of the immune receptor CD300e, expressed on the surface of macrophages and monocytes, and the microbiota in UC pathogenesis, given that CD300e has been hypothesized to function as an activating receptor in immune responses. To test this hypothesis, an in vivo model was employed using total knockout mice (CD300eΔ422/Δ422), subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Immune cell infiltration and gene expression in the colon were analyzed through flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. The data suggest that CD300e contributes to the intestinal inflammatory response associated with colitis, particularly through the activation of myeloid cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α.
La colite ulcerosa (CU) è una malattia infiammatoria cronica dell’intestino che, insieme al morbo di Crohn, fa parte delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali (IBD). La CU colpisce prevalentemente individui tra i 15 e 30 anni, coinvolgendo tipicamente il retto e, in alcuni casi, l’intero colon. La sua patogenesi è multifattoriale: alla predisposizione genetica (con loci associati alla regione HLA) si sommano fattori ambientali come dieta, igiene, uso di antibiotici e stile di vita urbano. A questi contribuiscono anche risposte immunitarie anomale e alterazioni della composizione del microbiota intestinale (disbiosi), con perdita di batteri benefici e aumento di specie pro-infiammatorie. Questa tesi è finalizzata ad indagare il ruolo del recettore immunitario CD300e, espresso sulla superficie di macrofagi e monociti, e del microbiota nella patogenesi della CU, dal momento che CD300e è stato ipotizzato come un recettore attivante la risposta immunitaria. Per testare questa ipotesi, è stato utilizzato un modello in vivo basato su topi knockout totali (CD300eΔ422/Δ422), sottoposti a trapianto di microbiota fecale (FMT) e a colite indotta da destrano solfato (DSS). L’infiltrazione immunitaria e l’espressione genica nel colon sono state analizzate tramite citofluorimetria e RT-qPCR. I dati ottenuti suggeriscono che CD300e contribuisce alla risposta infiammatoria intestinale associata alla colite, in particolar modo tramite l’attivazione delle cellule mieloidi e l’espressione di citochine pro-infiammatorie quali IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α.
Exploring the role of the immune receptor CD300e and the microbiota in the pathogenesis of Colitis
CANO, LUISEL
2024/2025
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that, along with Crohn’s disease, belongs to the group of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). UC primarily affects individuals between the ages of 15 and 30, typically involving the rectum and, in some cases, the entire colon. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial: genetic predisposition (with loci associated with the HLA region) combines with environmental factors such as diet, hygiene, antibiotic use, and urban lifestyle. Aberrant immune responses and alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis), characterized by a loss of beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory species, also contribute to disease development. This thesis aims to investigate the role of the immune receptor CD300e, expressed on the surface of macrophages and monocytes, and the microbiota in UC pathogenesis, given that CD300e has been hypothesized to function as an activating receptor in immune responses. To test this hypothesis, an in vivo model was employed using total knockout mice (CD300eΔ422/Δ422), subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Immune cell infiltration and gene expression in the colon were analyzed through flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. The data suggest that CD300e contributes to the intestinal inflammatory response associated with colitis, particularly through the activation of myeloid cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89535