DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism which, in humans, involves the addition of methyl groups to CpG dinucleotides, potentially altering gene expression without changing the gene’s nucleotide sequence. In recent years, several studies have shown that traumatic events can induce changes in DNA methylation, with biological effects that may manifest both in the long term and across generations. The aim of this work is to examine the existing literature regarding DNA methylation changes induced by exposure to various types of trauma, identifying the most commonly involved genes and analyzing the presence of shared biological mechanisms among different trauma categories. Through a systematic search on the PubMed database, articles that addressed the role of DNA methylation in relation to various forms of trauma were selected, including studies on both human and animal models. The analysis allowed the studies to be grouped into 8 main trauma categories: physical trauma, alcohol exposure, early-life adversity, maltreatment, maternal trauma, genocide exposure, undernutrition, and combat trauma. For each study, significant genes were extracted and analyzed to identify genes shared across different types of trauma as well as mechanisms specific to individual categories. In conclusion, the analysis of the collected data highlighted frequently involved genes, suggesting the existence of recurrent and shared epigenetic and biological mechanisms in response to different types of trauma.
La metilazione del DNA è un meccanismo epigenetico che nell’uomo consiste nell’aggiunta di gruppi metili a dinucleotidi CpG, modificando potenzialmente l’espressione genica senza alterare la sequenza nucleotidica del gene. Negli ultimi anni, diversi studi hanno evidenziato come eventi traumatici possano indurre modificazioni nella metilazione del DNA, con effetti biologici che si manifestano sia nel lungo termine che in maniera transgenerazionale. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è esaminare la letteratura esistente riguardante i cambiamenti nella metilazione del DNA indotti dall’esposizione a traumi di varia natura, identificando i geni maggiormente coinvolti e analizzando la presenza di eventuali meccanismi biologici condivisi tra le varie categorie di traumi. Attraverso una ricerca sistematica sulla banca dati PubMed, sono stati selezionati articoli che trattassero il ruolo della metilazione del DNA in relazioni a vari traumi, includendo sia studi su modelli umani che animali. L’analisi ha permesso di suddividere gli studi in 8 principali categorie di traumi: physical trauma, alcohol exposure, early-life adversity, maltreatment, maternal trauma, genocide exposure, undernutrition, combat trauma. Per ogni studio, i geni significativi sono poi stati estratti e analizzati in modo da identificare geni condvisi tra i diversi traumi e i meccanismi specific delle singole categorie. In conclusione, l’analisi dei dati raccolti ha evidenziato geni frequentemente coinvolti, suggerendo l’esistenza di meccanismi epigenetici e biologici ricorrenti e condivisi in risposta a diversi tipi di traumi.
Human Epigenetic Responses to Trauma: A Study of DNA Methylation Alterations Following Stress Exposure
GANDINI, GRETA
2024/2025
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism which, in humans, involves the addition of methyl groups to CpG dinucleotides, potentially altering gene expression without changing the gene’s nucleotide sequence. In recent years, several studies have shown that traumatic events can induce changes in DNA methylation, with biological effects that may manifest both in the long term and across generations. The aim of this work is to examine the existing literature regarding DNA methylation changes induced by exposure to various types of trauma, identifying the most commonly involved genes and analyzing the presence of shared biological mechanisms among different trauma categories. Through a systematic search on the PubMed database, articles that addressed the role of DNA methylation in relation to various forms of trauma were selected, including studies on both human and animal models. The analysis allowed the studies to be grouped into 8 main trauma categories: physical trauma, alcohol exposure, early-life adversity, maltreatment, maternal trauma, genocide exposure, undernutrition, and combat trauma. For each study, significant genes were extracted and analyzed to identify genes shared across different types of trauma as well as mechanisms specific to individual categories. In conclusion, the analysis of the collected data highlighted frequently involved genes, suggesting the existence of recurrent and shared epigenetic and biological mechanisms in response to different types of trauma.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89543