Pediatric overweight and obesity represent a global challenge with significant physical and psychological implications. However, exergames, which have been proposed as an innovative tool to promote physical activity and counteract overweight, have yet to be defined in terms of their effectiveness. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of exergames on BMI in overweight/obese children and adolescents, secondarily analyzing the characteristics of protocols associated with greater efficacy. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus, including RCTs in Italian or English with participants up to 18 years of age. Interventions included exclusive use of exergames, compared with other physical activities or no treatment. Primary outcomes included absolute BMI, z-score, and percentile. Methodological quality was assessed with RoB2, CERT and TESTEX; certainty of evidence with GRADE. Pre-post changes in BMI z-score were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Of 117 studies identified, 7 RCTs (600 participants, mean age 12.3 years) met the criteria. Four studies reported statistically significant reductions in BMI in the exergames group (ΔBMI: -0.06 to -0.82 kg/m²; ΔBMI z-score up to -0.14), but none met the threshold for clinical significance (≥5% reduction in absolute BMI, ≥10% reduction in BMI%, or ≥0.25 SD of z-score). Meta-analysis of three studies (79 exergames, 83 controls) showed a moderate favorable effect (SMD = -0.52; IC95%: -0.94, -0.10; p = 0.016), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 42.5%). The certainty of evidence (GRADE) was very low due to methodological limitations, heterogeneity, and imprecision. Although the meta-analysis shows a statistically significant reduction in BMI z-score, the high heterogeneity (I² = 42.5%) and the very low certainty of evidence (GRADE) limit its clinical applicability. The critical issues lie more in the weakness of the protocols than in the tool itself. Therefore, there is a need to develop structured, replicable, and integrated interventions in the clinical, psychological, and social context, guided by concrete, measurable and temporally defined goals.
Il sovrappeso e l'obesità in età pediatrica rappresentano una sfida globale, con rilevanti implicazioni fisiche e psicologiche. Gli exergames, proposti come strumento innovativo per promuovere l’attività fisica e contrastare l’eccesso ponderale, hanno tuttavia un’efficacia ancora da definire. Questa meta-analisi ha valutato l’impatto degli exergames sul BMI nei bambini e adolescenti sovrappeso/obesi, analizzando secondariamente le caratteristiche dei protocolli associati a maggior efficacia. Seguendo le linee guida PRISMA 2020, è stata condotta una revisione sistematica su PubMed, SPORTDiscus e Scopus, includendo RCT in italiano o inglese con partecipanti fino a 18 anni. Gli interventi prevedevano l'uso esclusivo di exergames, confrontati con altre attività fisiche o nessun trattamento. Gli esiti primari includevano BMI assoluto, z-score e percentile. La qualità metodologica è stata valutata con RoB2, CERT e TESTEX; la certezza dell'evidenza con GRADE. Le variazioni pre-post dello z-score del BMI sono state incluse in una meta-analisi a effetti casuali. Su 117 studi identificati, 7 RCT (600 partecipanti, età media 12,3 anni) hanno soddisfatto i criteri. Quattro studi hanno riportato riduzioni statisticamente significative del BMI nel gruppo exergames (ΔBMI: –0,06 a –0,82 kg/m²; ΔBMI z-score fino a –0,14), ma nessuno ha raggiunto la soglia di rilevanza clinica (riduzione ≥5% del BMI assoluto, ≥10% del BMI% o ≥0,25 DS dello z- score). La meta-analisi su tre studi (79 exergames, 83 controlli) ha evidenziato un effetto favorevole moderato (SMD = –0,52; IC95%: –0,94, –0,10; p = 0,016), con eterogeneità moderata (I² = 42,5%). La certezza dell'evidenza (GRADE) è risultata molto bassa per limiti metodologici, eterogeneità e imprecisione. Sebbene la meta-analisi evidenzi una riduzione statisticamente significativa dello z-score del BMI, l’elevata eterogeneità (I² = 42,5%), la bassa certezza dell’evidenza (GRADE: molto bassa) ne limitano l’applicabilità clinica. Le criticità risiedono più nella debolezza dei protocolli che nello strumento in sé. È quindi necessario sviluppare interventi strutturati, replicabili e integrati nel contesto clinico, psicologico e sociale, guidati da obiettivi concreti, misurabili e temporalmente definiti.
EFFETTO DELL’EXERGAMING SUL BMI NEL BAMBINO E NELL’ADOLESCENTE IN SOVRAPPESO O OBESO: REVISIONE SISTEMATICA CON META-ANALISI
SARTORI, ROBERTA
2024/2025
Abstract
Pediatric overweight and obesity represent a global challenge with significant physical and psychological implications. However, exergames, which have been proposed as an innovative tool to promote physical activity and counteract overweight, have yet to be defined in terms of their effectiveness. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of exergames on BMI in overweight/obese children and adolescents, secondarily analyzing the characteristics of protocols associated with greater efficacy. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus, including RCTs in Italian or English with participants up to 18 years of age. Interventions included exclusive use of exergames, compared with other physical activities or no treatment. Primary outcomes included absolute BMI, z-score, and percentile. Methodological quality was assessed with RoB2, CERT and TESTEX; certainty of evidence with GRADE. Pre-post changes in BMI z-score were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Of 117 studies identified, 7 RCTs (600 participants, mean age 12.3 years) met the criteria. Four studies reported statistically significant reductions in BMI in the exergames group (ΔBMI: -0.06 to -0.82 kg/m²; ΔBMI z-score up to -0.14), but none met the threshold for clinical significance (≥5% reduction in absolute BMI, ≥10% reduction in BMI%, or ≥0.25 SD of z-score). Meta-analysis of three studies (79 exergames, 83 controls) showed a moderate favorable effect (SMD = -0.52; IC95%: -0.94, -0.10; p = 0.016), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 42.5%). The certainty of evidence (GRADE) was very low due to methodological limitations, heterogeneity, and imprecision. Although the meta-analysis shows a statistically significant reduction in BMI z-score, the high heterogeneity (I² = 42.5%) and the very low certainty of evidence (GRADE) limit its clinical applicability. The critical issues lie more in the weakness of the protocols than in the tool itself. Therefore, there is a need to develop structured, replicable, and integrated interventions in the clinical, psychological, and social context, guided by concrete, measurable and temporally defined goals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89571