This thesis aims to analyze tri-leaflet mechanical heart valves, a new generation of prosthetic valves designed to provide hemodynamic performance more closely resembling that of native heart valves. The work begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the heart, with particular emphasis on the function of the cardiac valves. This is followed by an analysis of the main valvular diseases, which can impair proper valve function and may require replacement with a prosthetic device. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the examination of the various types of prosthetic valves currently available, distinguishing between biological and mechanical valves. A specific focus is then placed on tri-leaflet mechanical valves—an innovative design intended to overcome the limitations of traditional bi-leaflet valves by offering a more physiological geometry and more natural opening and closing dynamics. The technical characteristics of these new valves will be described in detail, including material selection and leaflet architecture. Special attention will be given to the potential impact of these valves on reducing the need for long-term anticoagulant therapy and on improving patients’ quality of life. Finally, the thesis will conclude with a discussion of the future challenges related to the large-scale clinical implementation of this type of prosthesis, and the need for further long-term studies to validate its safety and efficacy.
La presente tesi ha l’obiettivo di analizzare le valvole cardiache meccaniche tri-leaflet, una nuova generazione di protesi valvolari progettate per offrire prestazioni emodinamiche più simili a quelle delle valvole native. L’elaborato si apre con una panoramica sull’anatomia e fisiologia del cuore, con particolare attenzione alla funzione delle valvole cardiache. Segue un’analisi delle principali valvulopatie, che possono compromettere il corretto funzionamento valvolare e rendere necessaria la sostituzione con un dispositivo protesico. La seconda parte della tesi è dedicata all’esame delle diverse tipologie di valvole protesiche attualmente disponibili, distinguendo tra valvole biologiche e meccaniche. Verrà poi posto un focus specifico sulle valvole meccaniche tri-leaflet, un’innovazione progettuale che si propone di superare i limiti delle tradizionali valvole bi-leaflet, grazie ad una geometria ed una dinamica di apertura/chiusura più fisiologiche. Verranno descritte in dettaglio le caratteristiche tecniche di queste nuove valvole, incluse le scelte dei materiali e l’architettura dei lembi. Particolare attenzione sarà riservata al potenziale impatto di queste valvole sulla riduzione della necessità di terapia anticoagulante cronica e sul miglioramento della qualità di vita del paziente. Infine, la tesi si concluderà con una discussione sulle sfide future legate all’implementazione clinica su larga scala di questa protesi e alla necessità di ulteriori studi di lunga durata per validarne l’efficacia e la sicurezza.
Protesi valvolari cardiache meccaniche tri-leaflet: stato dell'arte
MARCHETTI, GIORGIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze tri-leaflet mechanical heart valves, a new generation of prosthetic valves designed to provide hemodynamic performance more closely resembling that of native heart valves. The work begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the heart, with particular emphasis on the function of the cardiac valves. This is followed by an analysis of the main valvular diseases, which can impair proper valve function and may require replacement with a prosthetic device. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the examination of the various types of prosthetic valves currently available, distinguishing between biological and mechanical valves. A specific focus is then placed on tri-leaflet mechanical valves—an innovative design intended to overcome the limitations of traditional bi-leaflet valves by offering a more physiological geometry and more natural opening and closing dynamics. The technical characteristics of these new valves will be described in detail, including material selection and leaflet architecture. Special attention will be given to the potential impact of these valves on reducing the need for long-term anticoagulant therapy and on improving patients’ quality of life. Finally, the thesis will conclude with a discussion of the future challenges related to the large-scale clinical implementation of this type of prosthesis, and the need for further long-term studies to validate its safety and efficacy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89666