This thesis analyzes the evolution of Russian literature in the Soviet period, with particolar attention to the mechanisms of censorship and repression, and the role played by cultural dissidence. The first chapter reconstructs the historical and political context of the Urss from Stalin’s death to the rise of Gorbačëv, highlighting how political changes directly influenced literary production. Destalinization and the subsequent Brežhnev-era stagnation have generated ambiguous spaces of cultural freedom, in which movements of internal criticism against the regime, discussion circles (kompanye), and phenomena such as samizdat and magnitizdat were born.The second chapter delves into the system of Soviet censorship system: from the Glavlit to the Kgb, up to central role played by the Union of Writers. It analyzes the functioning of preventive and repressive censorship mechanisms, the internal dynamics of the editorial offices, the control over foreign literature and the literary strategies put in place by authors to evade regime controls. It also highlights the role of literature as a privileged means for the circulation and dissemination of alternative ideas in a authoritarian regime. The third chapter is devoted to the Soviet women’s movement and its literary and cultural representation. Through the study of the clandestine almanac Ženščina i Rossija and the role of women in dissident circles, it is illustrated how the apparently female condition was actually marked by a double social and cultural oppression. Women’s voices, often excluded from official channels, emerges as a critical element in the denunciation of the Soviet patriarchy. Overall, this tesi aims to highlight how Russian literature of the Soviet period has been both an instrument of propaganda and resistance, a mirror of contradictions within the regime and a powerful means of individual and collective expression.
La tesi analizza l’evoluzione della letteratura russa nel periodo sovietico, con particolare attenzione ai meccanismi di censura e repressione e al ruolo avuto dalla dissidenza culturale. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce il contesto storico-politico dell’Unione Sovietica dalla morte di Stalin fino all’avvento di Gorbačëv, evidenziando come i cambiamenti politici abbiano influenzato direttamente la produzione letteraria. La destalinizzazione e la successiva stagnazione brežneviana hanno generato spazi ambigui di libertà culturale, in cui nacquero movimenti di critica interna contraria al regime, circoli di discussione (kompanye) e fenomeni come il samizdat e il magnitizdat. Il secondo capitolo approfondisce il sistema della censura sovietica: dal Glavlit al Kgb, fino al ruolo centrale avuto dall’Unione degli scrittori. Si analizzano il funzionamento della censura preventiva e repressiva, le dinamiche interne alle redazioni, il controllo sulla letteratura straniera e le strategie letterarie messe in atto dagli autori per eludere i controlli di regime . Si evidenzia inoltre il ruolo della letteratura come mezzo privilegiato per la circolazione e diffusione di idee alternative in un regime autoritario. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato al movimento femminile sovietico e alla sua rappresentazione letteraria e culturale. Attraverso lo studio dell’almanacco clandestino Ženščina i Rossija e del ruolo delle donne nella dissidenza, si illustra come la condizione femminile, apparentemente emancipata, fosse in realtà segnata da una doppia oppressione sociale e culturale. La voce delle donne, spesso esclusa dai canali ufficiali, emerge così come elemento critico fondamentale nella denuncia del patriarcato sovietico. Nel complesso, la tesi vuole mettere in luce come la letteratura russa del periodo sovietico sia stata al contempo strumento di propaganda e di resistenza, specchio delle contraddizioni interne al regime e potente mezzo di espressione individuale e collettiva.
Tra censura e dissenso: il caso dell'almanacco "Zhenshchina i Rossija"
MARTON, ERIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the evolution of Russian literature in the Soviet period, with particolar attention to the mechanisms of censorship and repression, and the role played by cultural dissidence. The first chapter reconstructs the historical and political context of the Urss from Stalin’s death to the rise of Gorbačëv, highlighting how political changes directly influenced literary production. Destalinization and the subsequent Brežhnev-era stagnation have generated ambiguous spaces of cultural freedom, in which movements of internal criticism against the regime, discussion circles (kompanye), and phenomena such as samizdat and magnitizdat were born.The second chapter delves into the system of Soviet censorship system: from the Glavlit to the Kgb, up to central role played by the Union of Writers. It analyzes the functioning of preventive and repressive censorship mechanisms, the internal dynamics of the editorial offices, the control over foreign literature and the literary strategies put in place by authors to evade regime controls. It also highlights the role of literature as a privileged means for the circulation and dissemination of alternative ideas in a authoritarian regime. The third chapter is devoted to the Soviet women’s movement and its literary and cultural representation. Through the study of the clandestine almanac Ženščina i Rossija and the role of women in dissident circles, it is illustrated how the apparently female condition was actually marked by a double social and cultural oppression. Women’s voices, often excluded from official channels, emerges as a critical element in the denunciation of the Soviet patriarchy. Overall, this tesi aims to highlight how Russian literature of the Soviet period has been both an instrument of propaganda and resistance, a mirror of contradictions within the regime and a powerful means of individual and collective expression.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/90514