Václav Havel was an intellectual, playwright, essayist, dissident and politician, exponent and spokesman of the social-political movement Charta 77. He was the first president of post-communist Czechoslovakia and the first president of current Czech Republic. His works, in particular his essays before the Velvet Revolution but also those on the European Union, have been widely translated. Strongly active in the field of civil rights, a passionate advocate of non-violence, he was also a great supporter of the European Union and a promoter of his beloved country's entry into it. The purpose of this paper is to propose an Italian translation of two texts written by Havel. The first text is Havel's speech at the 1965 Congress of Czechoslovak Writers, in which he speaks out against the system and against the Union itself, which is accused of speaking in catchphrases and not limiting itself to the truth, but hiding it within phraseological rituals. The second text is the letter Havel wrote to Alexander Dubček, following the failed Prague Spring and Soviet intervention. In this letter, he asked the president to resist pressure from Moscow and to continue telling the country the truth. The truth: a theme so important for Havel, a thread running through his life, his works, his political, social and civic engagement. For Václav Havel, living in truth meant bearing witness with one's life, and living in truth was the way one could oppose the communist regime, built on lies and manipulation. Havel would always put moral values before politics. His ideal was that of a humanistic and anti-dogmatic democracy, which could not disregard the defense of civil rights. And although these ideals were never realized, his entire life remains a moral, living and authentic testimony to his thought. The first chapter of this paper presents a brief biography of the author and the historical background of the two translated texts, written in the late 1960s, amid the turmoil over the Prague Spring and the disappointment following the Russian occupation. Chapters 2 and 3 present the selected texts and proposed translations. The fourth chapter contains a theoretical excursus on literary translation, an analysis of the author's style and the peculiarities encountered during translation, focusing in particular on Havel's use of foreign words. The chapter concludes with a comparison between the translations proposed by AI and the translation proposed here. The aim is twofold: on the one hand, to provide Italian readers with access to texts still unpublished in our language; on the other, to highlight how in his writings Havel was able to transform civil and moral commitment into living words, bearing witness to the centrality of freedom, truth, and individual responsibility.
Václav Havel fu un intellettuale, autore di teatro, saggista, dissidente e politico, esponente e portavoce del movimento politico-sociale Charta 77. Fu il primo presidente della Cecoslovacchia post comunista e il primo presidente dell’odierna Repubblica Ceca. Le sue opere, in particolare i suoi saggi prima della rivoluzione di velluto ma anche quelli sull’Unione Europea, sono state ampliamente tradotte. Profondamente attivo nel campo dei diritti civili, sostenitore appassionato della non violenza, fu anche un grande sostenitore dell’Unione Europea, nonché promotore dell’ingresso della stesa del suo amato paese. Lo scopo del presente elaborato è quello di proporre una traduzione in lingua italiana di due testi di Havel. Il primo testo è l’intervento di Havel al congresso degli scrittori cecoslovacchi del 1965, in cui si esprime contro il sistema e contro l’Unione stessa, accusata di parlare per frasi fatte e non limitarsi alla verità, ma nasconderla all’interno di rituali fraseologici. Il secondo testo è la lettera che Havel scrisse a Alexander Dubček, a seguito della fallita primavera di Praga e dell’intervento sovietico. In questa lettera, chiedeva all’allora presidente di resistere alle pressioni di Mosca e di continuare a dire la verità al paese. La verità: un tema tanto caro a Havel, filo conduttore della sua vita, delle sue opere, del suo impegno politico, sociale e civile. Per Václav Havel vivere nella verità voleva dire dare testimonianza con la propria vita, e vivere nella verità era il modo in cui ci si poteva opporre al regime comunista, costruito sulle menzogne e sulla manipolazione. Havel anteporrà sempre i valori morali alla politica. Il suo ideale era quello di una democrazia umanistica e anti dogmatica, che non poteva prescindere dalla difesa dei diritti civili. E benché questi ideali non si siano mai realizzati, la sua intera vita resta una testimonianza morale, viva e autentica del suo pensiero. Il primo capitolo di questo elaborato presenta una breve biografia dell’autore e la contestualizzazione storica dei due testi in oggetto, scritti alla fine degli anni ’60, tra il fermento per la primavera di Praga e la delusione seguita all’occupazione. I capitoli 2 e 3 presentano i testi scelti e le traduzioni proposte. Il quarto capitolo è dedicato ad un excursus teorico sulla traduzione letteraria, un’analisi dello stile dell’autore e delle peculiarità riscontrate durante la traduzione, soffermandoci in particolare sull’uso che fa Havel delle parole straniere. Il capitolo si conclude con un confronto tra le traduzioni proposte dall’intelligenza artificiale e la traduzione qui proposta. L’obiettivo è duplice: da un lato offrire al lettore italiano l’accesso a testi ancora inediti nella nostra lingua, dall’altro sottolineare come nei suoi scritti Havel abbia saputo trasformare l’impegno civile e morale in parola viva, testimoniando la centralità della libertà, della verità e della responsabilità individuale.
Una vita nella verità: tradurre Václav Havel, problemi e soluzioni.
ZAPPA, ENRICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Václav Havel was an intellectual, playwright, essayist, dissident and politician, exponent and spokesman of the social-political movement Charta 77. He was the first president of post-communist Czechoslovakia and the first president of current Czech Republic. His works, in particular his essays before the Velvet Revolution but also those on the European Union, have been widely translated. Strongly active in the field of civil rights, a passionate advocate of non-violence, he was also a great supporter of the European Union and a promoter of his beloved country's entry into it. The purpose of this paper is to propose an Italian translation of two texts written by Havel. The first text is Havel's speech at the 1965 Congress of Czechoslovak Writers, in which he speaks out against the system and against the Union itself, which is accused of speaking in catchphrases and not limiting itself to the truth, but hiding it within phraseological rituals. The second text is the letter Havel wrote to Alexander Dubček, following the failed Prague Spring and Soviet intervention. In this letter, he asked the president to resist pressure from Moscow and to continue telling the country the truth. The truth: a theme so important for Havel, a thread running through his life, his works, his political, social and civic engagement. For Václav Havel, living in truth meant bearing witness with one's life, and living in truth was the way one could oppose the communist regime, built on lies and manipulation. Havel would always put moral values before politics. His ideal was that of a humanistic and anti-dogmatic democracy, which could not disregard the defense of civil rights. And although these ideals were never realized, his entire life remains a moral, living and authentic testimony to his thought. The first chapter of this paper presents a brief biography of the author and the historical background of the two translated texts, written in the late 1960s, amid the turmoil over the Prague Spring and the disappointment following the Russian occupation. Chapters 2 and 3 present the selected texts and proposed translations. The fourth chapter contains a theoretical excursus on literary translation, an analysis of the author's style and the peculiarities encountered during translation, focusing in particular on Havel's use of foreign words. The chapter concludes with a comparison between the translations proposed by AI and the translation proposed here. The aim is twofold: on the one hand, to provide Italian readers with access to texts still unpublished in our language; on the other, to highlight how in his writings Havel was able to transform civil and moral commitment into living words, bearing witness to the centrality of freedom, truth, and individual responsibility.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/90562