Uso e Resistenza agli Antimicrobici: Panoramica in Medicina Umana e Veterinaria in Colombia

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare infrastructure and regulations may be limited. This review focuses on the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in Colombia, which has contributed to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, posing significant challenges to public health and infection control. In particular, this review addresses antimicrobial use and resistance in Colombia, starting with the main classes of antibiotics commonly used in humans, such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, along with national statistics on their consumption. It also identifies the most frequently treated bacterial infections in humans, including urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal diseases. In the livestock sector, commonly treated infections include bovine respiratory diseases and colibacillosis in poultry and pigs, mastitis in dairy cattle and salmonellosis. Thus, it explores the use of antimicrobials not only in human medicine but also in livestock production and companion animals. Additionally, this study reviews national laws, surveillance systems and programs aimed at reducing antimicrobial use. However, challenges remain regarding policy enforcement, research funding, and access to new treatments. Alternative strategies, such as the use of bacteriophages and vaccines, as well as education and awareness campaigns, are also discussed. The review concludes with recommendations to strengthen Colombia’s efforts against antimicrobial resistance through collaborative action, innovation, and community engagement.