Possibility of mitigating pollution from perfluoroalkyl substances through the use of biochar and microbial degradation

Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) represent a group of man-made chemicals that have been extensively employed in both industrial processes and consumer products, thanks to their remarkable traits, such as resistance to water, oils, and high temperatures. Despite these advantages, their persistent nature and potential health hazards have sparked growing concern. This thesis focuses on exploring biochar and microbial degradation as innovative approaches to mitigate pollution from PFAS. Biochar, a carbon-dense substance created from the pyrolysis of organic material, is being studied for its ability to adsorb and potentially break down PFAS. Factors like biochar's surface characteristics, pore size, and chemical groups play a role in its adsorption efficiency. In this thesis, we will also analyze how PFAS levels react to a biochar enriched soil in some cultivations like: tomato, radicchio and grape. Beyond adsorption, microbial degradation presents a promising, eco-friendly solution for PFAS remediation. Various microorganisms, including certain bacteria, fungi, and archaea, have demonstrated the capacity to break down PFAS under the right conditions. This thesis will pinpoint the microbial populations strains that exhibit degradation potential of PFAS. By integrating the adsorptive properties of biochar with the degradation abilities of microorganisms, this thesis aspires to propose effective and sustainable methods for remediating PFAS. The insights from this thesis could advance treatment technologies for PFAS-contaminated environments, ultimately reducing the environmental and public health threats posed by these enduring pollutants.