Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and Apple Bitter Rot (ABR) are two emerging diseases affecting apple orchards. The causal agents are species of the Colletotrichum genus, specifically belonging to the gloeosporiodes and acutatum species complexes. During the 2024 growing season Colletotrichum species responsible for the symptoms of GLS and ABR were isolated and identified using a molecular approach. In total, 95 samples of symptomatic leaf and fruit tissues were analysed, resulting in the isolation of 33 distinct Colletotrichum isolates. Molecular identification at the species level was performed through a multilocus analysis based on specific genetic regions: ITS, GAPDH, GS, ApMat, CAL and APN2. Preliminary results indicate a predominant presence of the gloeosporioides species complex (31 isolates out of 33), with C. chrysophilum being the most frequently detected species, particularly in leaf tissues. The 2025 growing season analyses are still ongoing and include the application of a molecular identification protocol. The aim is the direct detection of the pathogen from genomic DNA extracted from infected tissues. The results obtained provide important insights into the frequency of Colletotrichum species present in the Veneto region and highlight the crucial role of molecular diagnostics in the accurate identification of the causal agent.
Glomerella Leaf Spot (GLS) e Apple Bitter Rot (ABR) sono due patologie fungine emergenti che colpiscono il melo. Gli agenti eziologici associati sono degli ascomiceti appartenenti al genere Colletotrichum, in particolare agli species complex gloeosporioides e acutatum. Durante la stagione vegetativa 2024 sono state isolate e identificate molecolarmente le specie di Colletotrichum responsabili dei sintomi riconducibili a GLS e ABR. Sono stati analizzati complessivamente 95 campioni costituiti da foglie e frutti sintomatici, dai quali sono stati ottenuti 33 isolati di Colletotrichum. Per l’identificazione molecolare a livello di specie è stata condotta un’analisi multilocus su specifiche regioni geniche: ITS, GAPDH, GS, ApMat, CAL e APN2. I risultati preliminari dimostrano una maggiore diffusione dello species complex gloeosporioides (31 isolati su 33). C. chrysophilum è risultata la specie predominante, soprattutto nelle foglie sintomatiche. Le analisi relative alla stagione vegetativa 2025 sono ancora in corso e includono la messa a punto di un protocollo di identificazione molecolare del patogeno direttamente da DNA genomico estratto dai tessuti vegetali infetti. I risultati ottenuti forniscono importanti informazioni sulla frequenza delle specie di Colletotrichum presenti in Veneto e sottolineano il ruolo fondamentale della diagnostica molecolare per la precisa identificazione dell'agente eziologico.
Isolamento e identificazione molecolare delle specie di Colletotrichum associate alle patologie emergenti del melo: Glomerella Leaf Spot e Apple Bitter Rot.
PIZZAIA, GIOVANNI
2024/2025
Abstract
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and Apple Bitter Rot (ABR) are two emerging diseases affecting apple orchards. The causal agents are species of the Colletotrichum genus, specifically belonging to the gloeosporiodes and acutatum species complexes. During the 2024 growing season Colletotrichum species responsible for the symptoms of GLS and ABR were isolated and identified using a molecular approach. In total, 95 samples of symptomatic leaf and fruit tissues were analysed, resulting in the isolation of 33 distinct Colletotrichum isolates. Molecular identification at the species level was performed through a multilocus analysis based on specific genetic regions: ITS, GAPDH, GS, ApMat, CAL and APN2. Preliminary results indicate a predominant presence of the gloeosporioides species complex (31 isolates out of 33), with C. chrysophilum being the most frequently detected species, particularly in leaf tissues. The 2025 growing season analyses are still ongoing and include the application of a molecular identification protocol. The aim is the direct detection of the pathogen from genomic DNA extracted from infected tissues. The results obtained provide important insights into the frequency of Colletotrichum species present in the Veneto region and highlight the crucial role of molecular diagnostics in the accurate identification of the causal agent.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91299