The ability to represent zero as a numerical quantity is considered a major cognitive milestone, so far documented only in a few species. This study investigated whether newborn domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) are capable of cognitively processing the absence of elements as part of a continuous numerical scale, and whether such representation is influenced by the numerical distance between zero and other numerosities. Thirty-six chicks were tested using a matching-to-sample paradigm, in which they had to choose between two stimuli associated respectively with zero and with a numerical quantity (1, 3, or 6). Each subject completed both training and test sessions; accuracy and response latency were analyzed for each experimental condition. Results showed that accuracy was significantly above chance only in the 0 vs 3 condition. No significant effects emerged for the 0 vs 1 and 0 vs 6 comparisons, and no effect of numerical distance was detected. Additionally, no significant differences were found between test and training phases, nor was there a correlation between accuracy and latency. Overall, the findings do not provide systematic support for the hypothesis that chicks represent zero as an abstract quantity positioned on a numerical continuum. It is possible that the empty set is perceived as a qualitatively distinct category, or that the complexity of the task masked more spontaneous numerical abilities.
La capacità di rappresentare lo zero come quantità numerica è considerata un’importante conquista cognitiva, finora osservata solo in poche specie. Il presente studio ha esplorato se i pulcini neonati (Gallus gallus) siano in grado di trattare l’insieme vuoto come parte di un continuum numerico, valutando la presenza di un possibile effetto distanza tra zero e altre numerosità. Trentasei soggetti sono stati sottoposti a un paradigma di matching-to-sample, in cui dovevano scegliere tra due stimoli rappresentanti rispettivamente lo zero e una numerosità (1, 3 o 6). Ogni soggetto ha completato sessioni di training e test; per ciascuna condizione sperimentale sono state analizzate accuratezza e latenza di risposta. I risultati mostrano un’accuratezza significativamente superiore al caso solo nella condizione 0 vs 3. Nessuna evidenza significativa è emersa per le condizioni 0 vs 1 e 0 vs 6, e non è stato riscontrato alcun effetto della distanza numerica. Inoltre, non sono emerse differenze tra test e training, né correlazioni tra accuratezza e latenza. Nel complesso, i risultati non supportano in modo sistematico l’ipotesi che i pulcini rappresentino lo zero come una quantità astratta lungo un continuum numerico. È possibile che l’insieme vuoto venga percepito come una categoria qualitativamente distinta, o che la complessità del compito abbia mascherato abilità numeriche più spontanee.
Rappresentazione dello zero come insieme vuoto nel continuum numerico nel pulcino di pollo domestico (Gallus gallus)
GHIRELLO, RICCARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
The ability to represent zero as a numerical quantity is considered a major cognitive milestone, so far documented only in a few species. This study investigated whether newborn domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) are capable of cognitively processing the absence of elements as part of a continuous numerical scale, and whether such representation is influenced by the numerical distance between zero and other numerosities. Thirty-six chicks were tested using a matching-to-sample paradigm, in which they had to choose between two stimuli associated respectively with zero and with a numerical quantity (1, 3, or 6). Each subject completed both training and test sessions; accuracy and response latency were analyzed for each experimental condition. Results showed that accuracy was significantly above chance only in the 0 vs 3 condition. No significant effects emerged for the 0 vs 1 and 0 vs 6 comparisons, and no effect of numerical distance was detected. Additionally, no significant differences were found between test and training phases, nor was there a correlation between accuracy and latency. Overall, the findings do not provide systematic support for the hypothesis that chicks represent zero as an abstract quantity positioned on a numerical continuum. It is possible that the empty set is perceived as a qualitatively distinct category, or that the complexity of the task masked more spontaneous numerical abilities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91358