This paper discusses the performance analysis of ion exchange resins used for the treatment of water intended for steam generation in professional ovens. In particular, the evaluation was focused on critical parameters such as the hardness, conductivity, and pH of the treated water. The experimental activity involved the use of macroporous weak cation-exchange resins, both in hydrogen and sodium forms, tested under controlled conditions and flow rates on a chromatographic column. Using the provided comparative indicators, the effectiveness of the weak acid resins (in the hydrogen form) was demonstrated in the selective removal of ions, showing high exchange capacity. However, the drop in pH to critical levels (≤ 4) at the column outlet poses a potential corrosion risk for the stainless steel used in oven chambers. Therefore, tests were conducted on buffered resins, characterized by a partial sodium form and partial hydrogen form, to assess their suitability in maintaining the pH of the treated water near neutrality while minimizing the reduction in ion exchange capacity. The experimental findings confirmed the theoretical predictions to a large extent, though they were not fully exhaustive. Therefore it is proposed to conduct further tests under operating conditions more closely resembling actual oven operation.
Il presente elaborato tratta l'analisi delle prestazioni di resine a scambio ionico impiegate nel trattamento dell'acqua destinata alla generazione di vapore in forni professionali. In modo particolare, la valutazione si è concentrata su parametri critici quali durezza, conducibilità e pH dell’acqua trattata. L’attività sperimentale ha previsto l’impiego di resine macroporose cationiche deboli, sia in forma idrogeno sia in forma sodica, testate in condizioni e portate controllate su colonna cromatografica. Utilizzando gli indicatori comparativi forniti si è dimostrata l'efficacia delle resine acide deboli (in forma idrogeno) nella rimozione selettiva di ioni, con elevata capacità di scambio. Tuttavia, l’abbassamento del pH a valori critici (≤ 4) in uscita dalla colonna cromatografica rappresenta un potenziale rischio di corrosione per gli acciai inox impiegati nelle camere dei forni. Sono quindi stati condotti test su resine tamponate, caratterizzate da un parziale forma sodica e parziale forma idrogeno, con l'obiettivo di valutarne l'idoneità nel mantenere il pH dell'acqua trattata su valori prossimi alla neutralità, limitando al contempo la riduzione della capacità di scambio ionico. I riscontri sperimentali hanno confermato in buona parte le previsioni teoriche, ma non sono risultati completamente esaustivi. Si propone pertanto di eseguire ulteriori prove in condizioni operative più fedeli al reale funzionamento nei forni.
Analisi e caratterizzazione di resine a scambio ionico per il trattamento di acqua in forni professionali
INGEGNERI, ALBERTO
2024/2025
Abstract
This paper discusses the performance analysis of ion exchange resins used for the treatment of water intended for steam generation in professional ovens. In particular, the evaluation was focused on critical parameters such as the hardness, conductivity, and pH of the treated water. The experimental activity involved the use of macroporous weak cation-exchange resins, both in hydrogen and sodium forms, tested under controlled conditions and flow rates on a chromatographic column. Using the provided comparative indicators, the effectiveness of the weak acid resins (in the hydrogen form) was demonstrated in the selective removal of ions, showing high exchange capacity. However, the drop in pH to critical levels (≤ 4) at the column outlet poses a potential corrosion risk for the stainless steel used in oven chambers. Therefore, tests were conducted on buffered resins, characterized by a partial sodium form and partial hydrogen form, to assess their suitability in maintaining the pH of the treated water near neutrality while minimizing the reduction in ion exchange capacity. The experimental findings confirmed the theoretical predictions to a large extent, though they were not fully exhaustive. Therefore it is proposed to conduct further tests under operating conditions more closely resembling actual oven operation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91779