The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased over the past three decades. Non-medullary thyroid cancer affects the follicular cells of the gland. Up to 10% of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma cases include familial forms. This thesis analyzes an article concerning a family affected by familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). A germline mutation in the USP42 gene [p.(Gly486Arg)] was studied. USP42 is a deubiquitinating enzyme. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of USP42, Caspase-3, and p53. The USP42 gene was silenced in human thyroid cells Nthy-Ori 3-1 by siRNA, followed by gene expression tests, cell viability assays, and morphological analysis. The proteins p53, cyclin D1, p21, and p27 were analyzed by Western blot. USP42 protein was found to be present in all family members and overexpressed in tumor samples, along with increased expression of p53 and activated Caspase-3. Silencing of USP42 led to reduced cell viability, morphological changes, and alterations in proteins involved in the cell cycle. The results suggest a central role of the USP42 mutation in thyroid cell biology. USP42 may represent a new potential therapeutic target in FNMTC.
L’incidenza del carcinoma alla tiroide è aumentata negli ultimi tre decenni. Il tumore tiroideo non midollare colpisce le cellule follicolari della ghiandola. Fino al 10% dei casi di carcinoma alla tiroide non midollare comprende forme familiari. La tesi analizza un articolo riguardante una famiglia affetta da carcinoma tiroideo familiare non midollare (FNMTC). Viene studiata una mutazione germinale nel gene USP42 [p.(Gly486Arg)]. USP42 è un enzima deubiquitinante. Tramite immunoistochimica, è stata valutata l’espressione di USP42, Caspasi-3 e p53. Il gene USP42 è stato silenziato in cellule tiroidee umane Nthy-Ori 3-1 tramite siRNA, successivamente sono stati condotti test di espressione genica, vitalità cellulare e morfologia. Le proteine p53, ciclina D1, p21 e p27 sono state analizzate tramite Western blot. La proteina USP42 è risultata presente in tutti i membri della famiglia e sovraespressa nei campioni tumorali, insieme ad un’aumentata espressione di p53 e di Caspasi-3 attivata. Il silenziamento di USP42 ha portato a una ridotta vitalità cellulare, cambiamenti morfologici e alterazioni nelle proteine coinvolte nel ciclo cellulare. I risultati suggeriscono un ruolo centrale della mutazione di USP42 nella biologia delle cellule tiroidee, USP42 potrebbe rappresentare un nuovo potenziale bersaglio terapeutico nel FNMTC.
Analisi di una mutazione nel gene USP42 come possibile causa del carcinoma non midollare della tiroide di tipo familiare
LORENZI, ERICA
2024/2025
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased over the past three decades. Non-medullary thyroid cancer affects the follicular cells of the gland. Up to 10% of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma cases include familial forms. This thesis analyzes an article concerning a family affected by familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). A germline mutation in the USP42 gene [p.(Gly486Arg)] was studied. USP42 is a deubiquitinating enzyme. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of USP42, Caspase-3, and p53. The USP42 gene was silenced in human thyroid cells Nthy-Ori 3-1 by siRNA, followed by gene expression tests, cell viability assays, and morphological analysis. The proteins p53, cyclin D1, p21, and p27 were analyzed by Western blot. USP42 protein was found to be present in all family members and overexpressed in tumor samples, along with increased expression of p53 and activated Caspase-3. Silencing of USP42 led to reduced cell viability, morphological changes, and alterations in proteins involved in the cell cycle. The results suggest a central role of the USP42 mutation in thyroid cell biology. USP42 may represent a new potential therapeutic target in FNMTC.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91959