Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare hereditary disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and high risk of sudden death in affected individuals. The current limitation of therapeutic options stems from a still partial understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. The disease is frequently associated with mutations in desmosomal genes, including that coding for desmoplakin (DSP). In the study analysed in this thesis, conducted using spatial transcriptomics on the expianted myocardium of a patient carrying a pathogenic variant of the DSP gene, it was found that EPAS1 (endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1) is a potential regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in mutated cardiomyocytes. Complementary research on in vitro human models of ACM, including cardiomyocytes differentiated by induced pluripotent stem cells and engineered human myocardium, as well as analyses on additional cardiac samples taken from patients with hereditary cardiomyopathies, validated the association between EPAS1 overregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxic stress. These factors lead to apoptosis and altered contractility in mutated cardiomyocytes. These findings have contributed to a deeper understanding of the molecular dynamics underlying the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and have provided new targets for future therapeutic approaches.
La cardiomiopatia aritmogena (ACM) è una malattia ereditaria rara associata ad aritmie ventricolari ed elevato rischio di morte improvvisa negli individui affetti. L’attuale limite delle opzioni terapeutiche deriva da una comprensione ancora oggi parziale dei meccanismi molecolari alla base di questa patologia. La malattia è frequentemente associata a mutazioni a carico di geni desmosomali, tra cui quello che codifica per la desmoplachina (DSP). Nello studio analizzato in questo elaborato di laurea, condotto mediante la tecnica di spatial transcriptomics sul miocardio espiantato di un paziente portatore di una variante patogenica del gene DSP, è emerso che EPAS1 (endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1) ha un ruolo di potenziale regolatore dell’omeostasi mitocondriale nei cardiomiociti mutati. Ricerche complementari su modelli umani in vitro di ACM, inclusi cardiomiociti differenziati da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte e miocardio umano ingegnerizzato, nonché analisi su ulteriori campioni cardiaci espiantati di pazienti affetti da cardiomiopatie ereditarie, hanno validato l’associazione tra sovraregolazione di EPAS1, disfunzioni mitocondriali e stress ipossico. Questi fattori conducono ad apoptosi e alterazione della contrattilità nei cardiomiociti mutati. Queste scoperte hanno contribuito ad approfondire la conoscenza delle dinamiche molecolari alla base della patogenesi della cardiomiopatia aritmogena, delineando nuovi bersagli per futuri approcci terapeutici.
Ruolo dell’induzione di EPAS1 nella degenerazione miocardica nella cardiomiopatia causata da varianti patogene del gene desmoplachina
ZAMENGO, LAURA
2024/2025
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare hereditary disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and high risk of sudden death in affected individuals. The current limitation of therapeutic options stems from a still partial understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. The disease is frequently associated with mutations in desmosomal genes, including that coding for desmoplakin (DSP). In the study analysed in this thesis, conducted using spatial transcriptomics on the expianted myocardium of a patient carrying a pathogenic variant of the DSP gene, it was found that EPAS1 (endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1) is a potential regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in mutated cardiomyocytes. Complementary research on in vitro human models of ACM, including cardiomyocytes differentiated by induced pluripotent stem cells and engineered human myocardium, as well as analyses on additional cardiac samples taken from patients with hereditary cardiomyopathies, validated the association between EPAS1 overregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxic stress. These factors lead to apoptosis and altered contractility in mutated cardiomyocytes. These findings have contributed to a deeper understanding of the molecular dynamics underlying the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and have provided new targets for future therapeutic approaches.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91979