Adrenocortical tumors represent a group of endocrine neoplasms associated with a heterogeneous and often complex diagnostic approach. In particular, the integrated analysis made with hormonal assays, radiological imaging, and histopathological evaluations remains the standard protocol. The lack of specific molecular markers and the invasiveness of traditional diagnostic techniques limit their effectiveness and suggest the development of minimally invasive and highly accurate methodologies. In this context, several studies identify the liquid biopsy associated with the analyses of specific circulating microRNAs as a promising clinical tool, particularly useful for the distinction between benign and malignant forms, as well as between functioning and non-functioning tumors. In this sense, the study conducted by Mytareli et al. (2025) aimed to evaluate the potential use of specific circulating microRNAs - miR-483-5p, miR-210, miR-335, and miR-22-3p - as functional biomarkers for the identification of the functional status of adrenocortical tumors in the patient cohort under investigation. Specifically, data were collected from 15 individuals as a control group and 75 patients diagnosed with adrenocortical tumors subdivided into different functional subgroups, in order to allow a different comparison of clinical characteristics. Collected serum samples have allowed the extraction and quantification of microRNAs through RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), revealing a significant correlation between miR-483-5p expression and the presence of active adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). This microRNA emerged as the most promising, suggesting its potential role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Moreover, variations in the level of miR-210 and miR-22-3p were associated respectively with tumor proliferation and the secretory profile of the tumors. On the other hand, the miR-335 analyses did not detect significant differences among the analysed subgroups. The results highlight the potential value of microRNAs as tumor biomarkers in a complementary diagnostic approach for adrenocortical tumors, offering new perspectives for the development of less invasive and more precise strategies, in order to optimise patient prognosis.
I tumori corticosurrenalici rappresentano un gruppo di neoplasie endocrinologiche associate ad un approccio diagnostico eterogeneo che spesso risulta complesso. In particolare, l’analisi integrata effettuata mediante esami ormonali, imaging radiologico e valutazioni istopatologiche rimane l’attuale protocollo. L’assenza di marcatori molecolari specifici e l’invasività delle tradizionali tecniche diagnostiche ne limita l’efficacia e suggerisce lo sviluppo di metodologie innovative minimamente invasive e con elevata accuratezza. In tal senso, numerosi studi identificano la biopsia liquida correlata all’analisi di specifici microRNA circolanti come una promettente soluzione clinica, particolarmente rilevante per la distinzione tra forme benigne e maligne, nonché tra tumori secernenti e non funzionanti. In questo contesto, lo studio condotto da Mytareli et al. (2025) ha come obiettivo la valutazione del possibile utilizzo di specifici microRNA circolanti – miR-483-5p, miR-210, miR-335 e miR-22-3p – come biomarcatori funzionali all’identificazione degli stati funzionali dei tumori corticosurrenalici presenti nella coorte dei pazienti in studio. In particolare, sono stati raccolti i dati di 15 individui come gruppo di controllo e di 75 pazienti affetti da tumori corticosurrenalici suddivisi in diversi sottogruppi funzionali, al fine di comparare distintamente le caratteristiche cliniche. I campioni di siero raccolti hanno permesso l’estrazione e la quantificazione dei microRNA mediante RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), da cui è emersa una correlazione significativa tra l’espressione di miR-483-5p e la presenza di carcinomi adrenocorticali (ACC) in forma attiva. Questo microRNA è risultato il più promettente, suggerendone un potenziale ruolo come marcatore diagnostico e prognostico. Inoltre, variazioni nei livelli di miR-210 e miR-22-3p hanno mostrato rispettivamente associazioni con la proliferazione tumorale e il profilo secretorio dei tumori. Al contrario, le analisi di miR-335 non hanno rilevato differenze significative tra i sottogruppi analizzati. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano il valore potenziale dei microRNA come marcatori tumorali in un approccio diagnostico complementare per i tumori corticosurrenalici, offrendo nuove prospettive per l’implementazione di strategie meno invasive e più precise, al fine di ottimizzare la prognosi dei pazienti.
RUOLO DIAGNOSTICO DI SPECIFICI MICRORNA CIRCOLANTI NELLA VALUTAZIONE DEI TUMORI CORTICOSURRENALICI
FRIGO, ALESSIO
2024/2025
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors represent a group of endocrine neoplasms associated with a heterogeneous and often complex diagnostic approach. In particular, the integrated analysis made with hormonal assays, radiological imaging, and histopathological evaluations remains the standard protocol. The lack of specific molecular markers and the invasiveness of traditional diagnostic techniques limit their effectiveness and suggest the development of minimally invasive and highly accurate methodologies. In this context, several studies identify the liquid biopsy associated with the analyses of specific circulating microRNAs as a promising clinical tool, particularly useful for the distinction between benign and malignant forms, as well as between functioning and non-functioning tumors. In this sense, the study conducted by Mytareli et al. (2025) aimed to evaluate the potential use of specific circulating microRNAs - miR-483-5p, miR-210, miR-335, and miR-22-3p - as functional biomarkers for the identification of the functional status of adrenocortical tumors in the patient cohort under investigation. Specifically, data were collected from 15 individuals as a control group and 75 patients diagnosed with adrenocortical tumors subdivided into different functional subgroups, in order to allow a different comparison of clinical characteristics. Collected serum samples have allowed the extraction and quantification of microRNAs through RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction), revealing a significant correlation between miR-483-5p expression and the presence of active adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). This microRNA emerged as the most promising, suggesting its potential role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Moreover, variations in the level of miR-210 and miR-22-3p were associated respectively with tumor proliferation and the secretory profile of the tumors. On the other hand, the miR-335 analyses did not detect significant differences among the analysed subgroups. The results highlight the potential value of microRNAs as tumor biomarkers in a complementary diagnostic approach for adrenocortical tumors, offering new perspectives for the development of less invasive and more precise strategies, in order to optimise patient prognosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92017