Glucocorticoids GCs are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a wide variety of essential physiological mechanisms, including the stress response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis. GCs act by binding to their nuclear receptor, GR, encoded by the gene NR3C1. Mutations in this gene - such as the SNP rs41423247 - can cause hyperactivation of the HPA axis and are therefore associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorders like anxiety and depression, in a sex-dependent manner. The association between this SNP and depression has been studied in a meta-analysis of data from 9 different studies, including over 1600 patients diagnosed with various forms of depression. In addition, an association study has correlated the SNP with anxiety by genotyping healthy individuals and integrating the data with self-reported questionnaires for the subjective assessment of anxiety (STAI-S and STAI-T). The NR3C1 gene can also undergo epigenetic modifications like methylation, and some studies show that environmental factors play an important role in the development of the mood disorders under analysis. The aim of this thesis is to further study the association between the rs41423247 SNP of the NR3C1 gene and the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, analyzing the findings from the reference studies and also considering gene-environment interaction and sex-specific differences.
I glucocorticoidi GC sono una classe di ormoni steroidei che regola un’ampia varietà di meccanismi fisiologici essenziali, tra cui la risposta allo stress mediata dall’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene HPA. I GC agiscono legando il loro recettore nucleare, GR, codificato dal gene NR3C1. Mutazioni in questo gene - come lo SNP rs41423247 - possono causare un’iperattivazione dell’asse HPA e sono dunque associate ad un maggior rischio di sviluppo di disturbi dell’umore, come l’ansia e la depressione, in modo sesso-dipendente. L’associazione dello SNP e la depressione è stata studiata da una meta-analisi condotta su dati provenienti da 9 studi diversi, comprendenti oltre 1600 pazienti con diagnosi di diverse forme di depressione. Inoltre, uno studio di associazione ha correlato lo SNP all’ansia, tramite la genotipizzazione di individui sani e l’integrazione dei dati con questionari autosomministrati per la valutazione soggettiva dell’ansia (STAI-S e STAI-T). Il gene NR3C1 può inoltre subire modificazioni epigenetiche, come la metilazione, e alcuni studi dimostrano che i fattori ambientali hanno un ruolo importante nello sviluppo dei disturbi dell’umore in analisi. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è dunque studiare ulteriormente l’associazione tra lo SNP rs41423247 del gene NR3C1 e la patogenesi della depressione e dell’ansia, analizzando quanto emerso dagli studi di riferimento e considerando anche l’interazione gene-ambiente e le differenze sesso-specifiche.
Associazione tra Polimorfismi a Singolo Nucleotide (SNP) del gene NR3C1 e la patogenesi del disturbo depressivo e del disturbo d'ansia.
ASHFAQ, AKSHA
2024/2025
Abstract
Glucocorticoids GCs are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a wide variety of essential physiological mechanisms, including the stress response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis. GCs act by binding to their nuclear receptor, GR, encoded by the gene NR3C1. Mutations in this gene - such as the SNP rs41423247 - can cause hyperactivation of the HPA axis and are therefore associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorders like anxiety and depression, in a sex-dependent manner. The association between this SNP and depression has been studied in a meta-analysis of data from 9 different studies, including over 1600 patients diagnosed with various forms of depression. In addition, an association study has correlated the SNP with anxiety by genotyping healthy individuals and integrating the data with self-reported questionnaires for the subjective assessment of anxiety (STAI-S and STAI-T). The NR3C1 gene can also undergo epigenetic modifications like methylation, and some studies show that environmental factors play an important role in the development of the mood disorders under analysis. The aim of this thesis is to further study the association between the rs41423247 SNP of the NR3C1 gene and the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, analyzing the findings from the reference studies and also considering gene-environment interaction and sex-specific differences.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92047