This paper focuses on agnostic therapy, a precision cancer treatment that acts on specific genetic alterations at the origin of the tumor, rather than on its type or tissue location. This is an innovative approach that complements traditional therapeutic options, which are often characterized by numerous side effects. This is where larotrectinib comes in, an agnostic drug approved by the FDA in 2018 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with solid tumors with NTRK gene fusions, which encode TRK receptors. It is a first-generation oral inhibitor that blocks the ATP binding site in the kinase domain of TRK receptors, inhibiting the signal transduction cascade and the growth of neoplasms with TRK fusion. This drug has shown a high response rate and good tolerability in treated patients; despite this, some tumors have developed mechanisms of resistance to treatment. With the aim of overcoming such resistance, new-generation TRK inhibitors have been developed, opening up new prospects in cancer treatment.
Questo elaborato pone l’attenzione sulla terapia agnostica, un trattamento oncologico di precisione che agisce basandosi su specifiche alterazioni genetiche all’origine del tumore, piuttosto che sulla sua tipologia o localizzazione tissutale. Si tratta di un approccio innovativo che si affianca alle opzioni terapeutiche tradizionali, spesso caratterizzate da numerosi effetti collaterali. In questo contesto si inserisce larotrectinib, un farmaco agnostico approvato dall’FDA nel 2018 per il trattamento di pazienti adulti e pediatrici affetti da tumori solidi con fusione dei geni NTRK, che codificano per i recettori TRK. Si tratta di un inibitore orale di prima generazione che blocca il sito di legame dell’ATP nel dominio chinasico dei recettori TRK, inibendo la cascata di trasduzione del segnale e la crescita delle neoplasie con fusione TRK. Questo farmaco ha mostrato un elevato tasso di risposta e un’adeguata tollerabilità nei pazienti trattati; nonostante questo, alcuni tumori hanno sviluppato meccanismi di resistenza al trattamento. Con l’obiettivo di superare tali resistenze, sono stati sviluppati gli inibitori TRK di nuova generazione, aprendo nuove prospettive nel trattamento del cancro.
Recenti sviluppi delle terapie oncologiche
BELFIORE, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
This paper focuses on agnostic therapy, a precision cancer treatment that acts on specific genetic alterations at the origin of the tumor, rather than on its type or tissue location. This is an innovative approach that complements traditional therapeutic options, which are often characterized by numerous side effects. This is where larotrectinib comes in, an agnostic drug approved by the FDA in 2018 for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with solid tumors with NTRK gene fusions, which encode TRK receptors. It is a first-generation oral inhibitor that blocks the ATP binding site in the kinase domain of TRK receptors, inhibiting the signal transduction cascade and the growth of neoplasms with TRK fusion. This drug has shown a high response rate and good tolerability in treated patients; despite this, some tumors have developed mechanisms of resistance to treatment. With the aim of overcoming such resistance, new-generation TRK inhibitors have been developed, opening up new prospects in cancer treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92051