Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is highly resistant to traditional therapies. The limited effectiveness of surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and conventional immunotherapy highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. In this context, oncolytic viruses (OVs), which are capable of selectively infecting and destroying tumor cells, represent an extremely promising innovative approach. In this thesis, the antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic virus based on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (oHSV-1 MEM-KR) was validated. This virus was engineered to express the plasma membrane-targeted isoform of the photoactivatable fluorescent protein KillerRed, which is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation. Specifically, the virus was tested on different glioblastoma models, including murine cell lines (CT2A, GL261), human cell lines (U87-MG, LN-229), patient-derived primary cells (HuTu-82), and glioblastoma tumor spheroids. The results first demonstrated the ability of oHSV-1 MEM-KR to efficiently infect all of these models. Moreover, under specific conditions, a cytotoxic effect mediated by the expressed KillerRed protein was observed. These findings are therefore encouraging for a future application of oncolytic virotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Il glioblastoma (GBM) è uno dei tumori cerebrali più aggressivi e resistenti alle terapie tradizionali. L’efficacia limitata di resezione chirurgica, radioterapia, chemioterapia e immunoterapia tradizionale rende urgente lo sviluppo di strategie terapeutiche alternative. In questo contesto, i virus oncolitici (OVs), virus in grado di infettare e distruggere selettivamente le cellule tumorali, rappresentano un approccio innovativo estremamente promettente. In questa tesi è stata validata l’efficacia antitumorale di un virus oncolitico basato sul Virus dell’Herpes Simplex di tipo 1 (oHSV-1 MEM-KR), ingegnerizzato per esprimere l’isoforma diretta alla membrana plasmatica della proteina fluorescente fotoattivabile KillerRed, proteina responsabile della produzione di specie reattive dell’ossigeno (ROS) conseguentemente alla propria fotoattivazione. Nello specifico, tale virus è stato testato su diversi modelli di glioblastoma, quali linee cellulari murine (CT2A, GL261), umane (U87-MG, LN-229), cellule primarie di paziente (HuTu-82) e sferoidi tumorali di GMB. I risultati hanno evidenziato, innanzitutto, la capacità di oHSV-1 MEM-KR di infettare efficacemente tutti i modelli di cui sopra. Inoltre, in specifiche condizioni, è stato osservato l’effetto citotossico promosso dalla proteina KillerRed da esso codificata. Questi dati, pertanto, sono incoraggianti per un futuro utilizzo della viroterapia oncolitica combinata con la terapia fotodinamica per il trattamento del glioblastoma.
validazione in vitro di un HSV-1 oncolitico esprimente la proteina fotoattivabile Killer Red
BELLANDI, LUISA
2024/2025
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is highly resistant to traditional therapies. The limited effectiveness of surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and conventional immunotherapy highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. In this context, oncolytic viruses (OVs), which are capable of selectively infecting and destroying tumor cells, represent an extremely promising innovative approach. In this thesis, the antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic virus based on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (oHSV-1 MEM-KR) was validated. This virus was engineered to express the plasma membrane-targeted isoform of the photoactivatable fluorescent protein KillerRed, which is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation. Specifically, the virus was tested on different glioblastoma models, including murine cell lines (CT2A, GL261), human cell lines (U87-MG, LN-229), patient-derived primary cells (HuTu-82), and glioblastoma tumor spheroids. The results first demonstrated the ability of oHSV-1 MEM-KR to efficiently infect all of these models. Moreover, under specific conditions, a cytotoxic effect mediated by the expressed KillerRed protein was observed. These findings are therefore encouraging for a future application of oncolytic virotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92052