Current Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are based on materials that are difficult to degrade, such as Flame Retardant 4 (FR4), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS), and their manufacturing processes typically have a high negative environmental impact. This thesis focuses on the analysis of biodegradable PCBs, considering the use of various biopolymers produced by microorganisms. In particular, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represents a sustainable and efficient alternative to the traditional materials employed in printed circuit boards, such as standard FR4, while also offering a broader range of applications. Scientific literature highlights how these biopolymers enable the replacement of currently used materials and technologies, made possible through the optimization of production processes and the application of genetic engineering. Furthermore, they promote the complete recycling of end-of-life electronic boards and the composting of recovered polymers, thus significantly reducing the overall environmental impact. Great emphasis is placed on the environmental sustainability of production processes and on material reuse or disposal. Finally, guidelines are outlined for the development of new eco-friendly PCBs.
Le attuali Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) sono basate su materiali difficilmente degradabili, quali Flame Retardant 4 (FR4), polietilene tereftalato (PET) e polistirene (PS), ed i processi di realizzazione hanno solitamente un elevato impatto ambientale negativo. Questa tesi è rivolta all'analisi di PCBs biodegradabili, in cui viene considerato l'utilizzo di diversi biopolimeri prodotti da microrganismi. In particolare, l’impiego dell’acido polilattico (PLA) e dei poliidrossialcanoati (PHAs) rappresenta un’alternativa sostenibile ed efficiente ai materiali tradizionalmente utilizzati nei circuiti stampati, come lo standard FR4, offrendo al contempo un più ampio ventaglio di applicazioni. La letteratura scientifica evidenzia come tali biopolimeri consentano la sostituzione dei materiali e delle tecnologie attualmente impiegate, reso possibile con l'ottimizzazione dei processi produttivi e l'utilizzo dell'ingegneria genetica. Inoltre, favoriscono il completo riciclo delle schede elettroniche a fine vita e il compostaggio dei polimeri recuperati, contribuendo così a ridurre in maniera significativa l’impatto ambientale complessivo. Viene posta molta attenzione alla sostenibilità ambientale, dei processi produttivi e di riutilizzo dei materiali o smaltimento. Infine vengono definite delle linee guida per la realizzazione di nuovi PCBs eco-compatibili.
Biomateriali per la realizzazione di schede a circuiti stampati (PCBs) eco-compatibili per l'elettronica verde
RIGATO, GABRIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
Current Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are based on materials that are difficult to degrade, such as Flame Retardant 4 (FR4), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS), and their manufacturing processes typically have a high negative environmental impact. This thesis focuses on the analysis of biodegradable PCBs, considering the use of various biopolymers produced by microorganisms. In particular, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represents a sustainable and efficient alternative to the traditional materials employed in printed circuit boards, such as standard FR4, while also offering a broader range of applications. Scientific literature highlights how these biopolymers enable the replacement of currently used materials and technologies, made possible through the optimization of production processes and the application of genetic engineering. Furthermore, they promote the complete recycling of end-of-life electronic boards and the composting of recovered polymers, thus significantly reducing the overall environmental impact. Great emphasis is placed on the environmental sustainability of production processes and on material reuse or disposal. Finally, guidelines are outlined for the development of new eco-friendly PCBs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92117