Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonosis of increasing public health concern, particularly in certain regions of the world. It is primarily responsible for acute hepatitis but can also cause chronic or fulminant hepatitis. In Europe, and especially in Italy, wild boar represents an important reservoir, with transmission to humans occurring mainly through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and, to a lesser extent, via direct contact with infected material. The aim of this thesis was to assess the presence of HEV in 179 wild boars hunted between 2024 and 2025 in the Lessinia Natural Park (Veneto, Italy). Liver and diaphragm samples were collected from each animal and subsequently analyzed using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). No positive results were detected in any of the examined matrices. Consequently, a comparative analysis between liver and diaphragm, as well as further sequencing investigations, could not be performed. Nonetheless, these findings are consistent with previous nationwide studies, which describe a variable and non-uniform prevalence of the virus in wild boars, with generally lower values reported in northern Italy. This study also highlights the limitations of molecular investigations alone, which exclusively detect animals in the viremic phase, and emphasizes the need to integrate serological approaches to obtain a more accurate estimate of viral circulation. Looking ahead, standardized surveillance protocols at the European level, together with awareness campaigns targeting high-risk groups, are crucial to reducing the zoonotic risk and protecting public health within a “One Health” perspective.
Il virus dell’Epatite E (HEV) è una zoonosi emergente di crescente rilevanza sanitaria in particolare in alcune regioni del Mondo, è causa principalmente di epatite acuta, ma anche di epatite cronica o fulminante. In Europa, e in particolare in Italia, il cinghiale rappresenta un importante reservoir, con trasmissione all’uomo principalmente attraverso il consumo di carne cruda o poco cotta e, in misura minore, tramite contatto diretto con materiale infetto. Lo scopo della presente tesi è stato valutare la presenza di HEV in 179 cinghiali cacciati tra il 2024 e il 2025 nel Parco Naturale della Lessinia (Veneto). Da ciascun esemplare sono stati prelevati campioni di fegato e diaframma, successivamente analizzati mediante quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). I risultati hanno evidenziato un’assenza di positività in tutte le matrici esaminate. Ciò non ha consentito di condurre l’analisi comparativa tra fegato e diaframma né ulteriori indagini di sequenziamento. Tuttavia, il dato è coerente con quanto riportato in studi precedenti a livello nazionale, che descrivono una prevalenza variabile e non uniforme del virus nei cinghiali selvatici, con valori tendenzialmente più bassi nelle regioni del Nord Italia. Questo studio riporta anche i limiti delle sole indagini molecolari, che rilevano esclusivamente animali in fase viremica, e sottolinea la necessità di integrare approcci sierologici per una stima più accurata della circolazione del virus. Per il futuro, protocolli di sorveglianza standardizzati e condivisi a livello Europeo, insieme a campagne informative rivolte alle categorie più a rischio, sono fondamentali per ridurre il rischio zoonotico e tutelare la salute pubblica in un’ottica “One Health”.
Dal territorio al laboratorio: studio di epidemiologia molecolare del virus dell’epatite E nei cinghiali della Regione Veneto
ZANARDI, AGNESE
2024/2025
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonosis of increasing public health concern, particularly in certain regions of the world. It is primarily responsible for acute hepatitis but can also cause chronic or fulminant hepatitis. In Europe, and especially in Italy, wild boar represents an important reservoir, with transmission to humans occurring mainly through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and, to a lesser extent, via direct contact with infected material. The aim of this thesis was to assess the presence of HEV in 179 wild boars hunted between 2024 and 2025 in the Lessinia Natural Park (Veneto, Italy). Liver and diaphragm samples were collected from each animal and subsequently analyzed using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). No positive results were detected in any of the examined matrices. Consequently, a comparative analysis between liver and diaphragm, as well as further sequencing investigations, could not be performed. Nonetheless, these findings are consistent with previous nationwide studies, which describe a variable and non-uniform prevalence of the virus in wild boars, with generally lower values reported in northern Italy. This study also highlights the limitations of molecular investigations alone, which exclusively detect animals in the viremic phase, and emphasizes the need to integrate serological approaches to obtain a more accurate estimate of viral circulation. Looking ahead, standardized surveillance protocols at the European level, together with awareness campaigns targeting high-risk groups, are crucial to reducing the zoonotic risk and protecting public health within a “One Health” perspective.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Zanardi_Agnese.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
358.1 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
358.1 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92127