The evolution of 5G and 6G networks requires radio frequency (RF) devices that are increasingly compact, efficient, and reconfigurable. Liquid crystals (LCs), already widely used in displays, exhibit electromagnetic properties (such as dielectric anisotropy and the ability to vary permittivity under an applied electric field) that makes them ideal materials for these applications, also thanks to their low power consumption and continuous tunability. This document analyzes the characteristics of LCs and their use in phase shifters, filters, switches, and metamaterials, extending to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). Particular attention is devoted to reconfigurable antennas, where liquid crystals enable control of frequency, phase, and beam direction, thus supporting innovative solutions for mobile communications, radar, and satellite networks. The results show how liquid crystals can overcome the limitations of alternative technologies, establishing themselves as key elements for future communication systems that are more flexible, efficient, and sustainable.
L’evoluzione delle reti 5G e 6G richiede dispositivi a radiofrequenza (RF) sempre più compatti, efficienti e riconfigurabili. I cristalli liquidi (LC), già diffusi nei display, mostrano proprietà elettromagnetiche (come l’anisotropia dielettrica e la possibilità di variare la permittività con l'applicazione di un campo elettrico) che li rendono materiali ideali per queste applicazioni, grazie anche ai bassi consumi e alla continuità di regolazione. La tesi analizza le caratteristiche dei LC e il loro impiego in modulatori di fase, filtri, switch e metamateriali, fino alle superfici intelligenti (RIS). Particolare attenzione è dedicata alle antenne riconfigurabili, in cui i cristalli liquidi permettono di controllare frequenza, fase e direzione del fascio, abilitando soluzioni innovative per comunicazioni mobili, radar e reti satellitari. I risultati mostrano come i cristalli liquidi possano superare i limiti di tecnologie alternative, ponendosi come elementi chiave per sistemi di comunicazione futuri, più flessibili, efficienti e sostenibili.
I cristalli liquidi per le telecomunicazioni
ARDUINI, IVAN
2024/2025
Abstract
The evolution of 5G and 6G networks requires radio frequency (RF) devices that are increasingly compact, efficient, and reconfigurable. Liquid crystals (LCs), already widely used in displays, exhibit electromagnetic properties (such as dielectric anisotropy and the ability to vary permittivity under an applied electric field) that makes them ideal materials for these applications, also thanks to their low power consumption and continuous tunability. This document analyzes the characteristics of LCs and their use in phase shifters, filters, switches, and metamaterials, extending to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). Particular attention is devoted to reconfigurable antennas, where liquid crystals enable control of frequency, phase, and beam direction, thus supporting innovative solutions for mobile communications, radar, and satellite networks. The results show how liquid crystals can overcome the limitations of alternative technologies, establishing themselves as key elements for future communication systems that are more flexible, efficient, and sustainable.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Arduini_Ivan.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92172