This thesis aims to analyze the physiological and anatomical differences between pediatric patients, throughout the various stages of growth, and adult patients, with particular emphasis on the developmental aspects of cardiovascular pathophysiology. It also highlights the importance of dedicated pediatric facilities for monitoring children’s health, as well as the need for a comprehensive monitoring system and for the effective transfer of data across different hospital units and departments. Unlike adults, children’s bodies are in a state of continuous and progressive evolution: the increase in body size is accompanied by anatomical changes but, above all, by the maturation of physiological functions, which gradually evolve until reaching adult conditions. For this reason, a child cannot be regarded as “a small adult,” but rather as a developing individual undergoing multiple stages of growth, each with its own distinctive features, while remaining interconnected with both preceding and subsequent phases [1]. Psychomotor development is conventionally divided into stages that should not be interpreted rigidly: each child is a unique and unrepeatable individual, whose development follows a characteristic and original trajectory. Indicatively, the stages of growth can be classified as follows: Neonatal period: newborn, from birth to 30 days; Early infancy: infant, from the first month to 1 year; Late infancy: toddler, from 2 to 5 years; School age: from 6 to 11 years (pubescence: 9–10 years in females, 10–11 in males); Puberty: lasting approximately 2–5 years (11–13 years in females, 12–15 in males); Adolescence: 14–16 years in females, 15–17 in males; Youth: 17–21 years in both sexes; Adulthood: from 22 years onward. [1] Monitoring parameters for pediatric patients differ significantly from those of adults. Therefore, the establishment of an autonomous pediatric facility—equipped with instruments specifically designed and calibrated for this patient population—is of fundamental importance. Ideally, a pediatric department should be conceived as an independent hospital entity, encompassing all the wards and outpatient services typically found in a complete hospital structure for adults
L’elaborato si propone di analizzare le differenze fisiologiche e anatomiche che intercorrono tra il paziente pediatrico, in tutte le fasi della sua crescita, e il paziente adulto, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti evolutivi della fisiopatologia cardiovascolare. Verrà inoltre sottolineata l’importanza della presenza di strutture pediatriche dedicate per il monitoraggio della salute dei più piccoli, nonché la necessità di un sistema di monitoraggio completo e di un efficace trasferimento dei dati tra i diversi piani e reparti ospedalieri. L'organismo del bambino a differenza dell'adulto, è in continua e progressiva evoluzione: l'accrescimento delle dimensioni del corpo si accompagna a modificazioni anatomiche ma soprattutto allo sviluppo di tutte le sue funzioni, che maturano fino a raggiungere gradualmente le condizioni dell'adulto. Proprio per questo il bambino non può essere considerato “un piccolo adulto” ma un essere che cambia, passando attraverso numerose fasi, ciascuna con peculiari caratteristiche anche se collegata alla precedente e successiva. Lo sviluppo psicomotorio del bambino è convenzionalmente suddiviso in tappe che non vanno interpretate in modo rigido: ogni bambino è una persona unica e irripetibile, il cui sviluppo è tipico di ciascun individuo, seguendo quel flusso vitale del tutto originale che caratterizza ognuno di noi. Indicativamente, si possono suddividere le diverse età dello sviluppo in: periodo neonatale: neonato da 0 a 30 giorni; prima infanzia: lattante dal primo mese a 1 anno; seconda infanzia: bambino dai 2 ai 5 anni; età scolare: dai 6 agli 11 anni (pubescenza: 9-10 anni per le femmine, 10-11 per i maschi); pubertà: dura circa 2-5 anni (11-13 anni per le femmine, 12-15 anni per i maschi); adolescenza: 14-16 anni per le femmine, 15-17 per i maschi; giovinezza: 17-21 anni sia per i maschi che per le femmine; adulto: dai 22 anni. [1] I parametri di monitoraggio dei pazienti pediatrici differiscono significativamente rispetto a quelli dell’adulto, pertanto, la realizzazione di una struttura pediatrica autonoma, dotata di strumentazione adeguata e calibrata specificatamente per questo tipo di pazienti, risulta di fondamentale importanza. È perciò auspicabile che un dipartimento pediatrico sia concepito come una realtà ospedaliera autonoma dotata di tutti i reparti e ambulatori tipici di una struttura ospedaliera completa dedicata agli adulti.
Sistemi Di Monitoraggio Dei Parametri Vitali In Pediatria: Tecnologie, Integrazione E Sicurezza Dei Dati
ZABAI, ELISA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze the physiological and anatomical differences between pediatric patients, throughout the various stages of growth, and adult patients, with particular emphasis on the developmental aspects of cardiovascular pathophysiology. It also highlights the importance of dedicated pediatric facilities for monitoring children’s health, as well as the need for a comprehensive monitoring system and for the effective transfer of data across different hospital units and departments. Unlike adults, children’s bodies are in a state of continuous and progressive evolution: the increase in body size is accompanied by anatomical changes but, above all, by the maturation of physiological functions, which gradually evolve until reaching adult conditions. For this reason, a child cannot be regarded as “a small adult,” but rather as a developing individual undergoing multiple stages of growth, each with its own distinctive features, while remaining interconnected with both preceding and subsequent phases [1]. Psychomotor development is conventionally divided into stages that should not be interpreted rigidly: each child is a unique and unrepeatable individual, whose development follows a characteristic and original trajectory. Indicatively, the stages of growth can be classified as follows: Neonatal period: newborn, from birth to 30 days; Early infancy: infant, from the first month to 1 year; Late infancy: toddler, from 2 to 5 years; School age: from 6 to 11 years (pubescence: 9–10 years in females, 10–11 in males); Puberty: lasting approximately 2–5 years (11–13 years in females, 12–15 in males); Adolescence: 14–16 years in females, 15–17 in males; Youth: 17–21 years in both sexes; Adulthood: from 22 years onward. [1] Monitoring parameters for pediatric patients differ significantly from those of adults. Therefore, the establishment of an autonomous pediatric facility—equipped with instruments specifically designed and calibrated for this patient population—is of fundamental importance. Ideally, a pediatric department should be conceived as an independent hospital entity, encompassing all the wards and outpatient services typically found in a complete hospital structure for adults| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92226