Light pollution is a phenomenon that represents a global issue, with consequences that go beyond the degradation of astronomical visibility conditions, extending also to negative effects on human health and the environment. This paper aims to provide a thorough and analytical description of the phenomenon of light pollution, with particular reference to the Veneto Region. To this end, the difference between natural and artificial brightness of the night sky will be illustrated. With regard to artificial brightness, the discussion will cover the main systems that produce it, the mechanisms of light dispersion, the sources that emit it, and its propagation in the atmosphere; in relation to propagation, the principal theoretical models found in the literature will be presented. Subsequently, the most important methods and instruments for measuring light pollution will be described, as these allow for the study of its evolution. Specifically, the increasing trend in night sky brightness observed over recent decades will be analyzed, along with the unexpected stability recorded in several European countries in the current twenty-year period; for this purpose, global data will be compared with those obtained in the Veneto Region. Finally, the hypothesis will be discussed that the role of atmospheric aerosols is far more significant than previously believed, and that they represent one of the main factors influencing night sky brightness. The ultimate objective of this paper is to put forward possible future scenarios related to light pollution.
L’inquinamento luminoso è un fenomeno che rappresenta un problema a livello mondiale, ed ha come conseguenza non solo la degradazione delle condizioni di visibilità astronomica, ma anche effetti negativi sulla salute umana e ambientale. Il presente elaborato si propone di descrivere in maniera analitica e completa il fenomeno dell’inquinamento luminoso, con particolare riferimento alla Regione Veneto. A questo fine, verrà illustrata la differenza tra luminosità naturale e luminosità artificiale del cielo notturno. Per quanto concerne la luminosità artificiale, saranno trattati i principali impianti che la producono, le modalità di dispersione della luce, le sorgenti che la emettono e la sua propagazione in atmosfera; in riferimento alle modalità di propagazione, saranno esposti i principali modelli teorici presenti in letteratura. Successivamente, verranno illustrati i più importanti metodi e strumenti di misurazione dell’inquinamento luminoso, i quali consentono lo studio della sua evoluzione. Nello specifico, verrà analizzato l’andamento crescente della luminosità del cielo notturno che ha caratterizzato gli ultimi decenni, e al contempo la sua imprevista stabilità riscontrata in diversi Paesi Europei nel presente ventennio; a questo fine, saranno confrontati dati globali con quelli ottenuti dalla Regione Veneto. In ultima istanza, verrà illustrata l’ipotesi per cui il ruolo degli aerosol in atmosfera è molto più importante di quanto si credeva in passato, e di come questi costituiscano uno dei principali fattori che influenzano la luminosità del cielo notturno. L’obiettivo ultimo del presente elaborato è quello di ipotizzare possibilità future inerenti all’inquinamento luminoso.
Prospettive per le osservazioni astronomiche in Veneto e l'inquinamento luminoso
VISSA, ETTORE
2024/2025
Abstract
Light pollution is a phenomenon that represents a global issue, with consequences that go beyond the degradation of astronomical visibility conditions, extending also to negative effects on human health and the environment. This paper aims to provide a thorough and analytical description of the phenomenon of light pollution, with particular reference to the Veneto Region. To this end, the difference between natural and artificial brightness of the night sky will be illustrated. With regard to artificial brightness, the discussion will cover the main systems that produce it, the mechanisms of light dispersion, the sources that emit it, and its propagation in the atmosphere; in relation to propagation, the principal theoretical models found in the literature will be presented. Subsequently, the most important methods and instruments for measuring light pollution will be described, as these allow for the study of its evolution. Specifically, the increasing trend in night sky brightness observed over recent decades will be analyzed, along with the unexpected stability recorded in several European countries in the current twenty-year period; for this purpose, global data will be compared with those obtained in the Veneto Region. Finally, the hypothesis will be discussed that the role of atmospheric aerosols is far more significant than previously believed, and that they represent one of the main factors influencing night sky brightness. The ultimate objective of this paper is to put forward possible future scenarios related to light pollution.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/92241